Water Treatment

The large diversity of viruses that exist in human populations are potentially excreted into sewage collection systems and concentrated in sewage sludge. In the US, the primary fate of processed sewage sludge (class B biosolids) is application to agricultural ...

{Claims that pathogens are resistant to chlorine dioxide. Mentions biofilms as extremely relevant but does not mention that chlorine dioxide destroys these.}

The chemical, biological, toxicological, technological, environmental, and economic aspects of the use of chlorine dioxide as a highly effective disinfecting and oxidizing agent in water purification and decontamination processes. The authors present the results of their own studies.

Iodine is an effective, simple, and cost-efficient means of water disinfection for people who vacation, travel, or work in areas where municipal water treatment is not reliable. However, there is considerable controversy about the maximum safe iodine ...

The goal of disinfection of public water supplies is the elimination of the pathogens that are responsible for waterborne diseases. The transmission of diseases such as typhoid and paratyphoid fevers, cholera, salmonellosis, and shigellosis can be controlled with treatments that substantially reduce the total number of viable microorganisms in the water.

Request PDF | Evaluation of azamethiphos and dimethoate degradation using chlorine dioxide during water treatment | Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) degradation of the organophosphorus pesticides azamethiphos (AZA) and dimethoate (DM) (10 mg/L) in deionized water and in... | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate

*Inc Algae reduction

One aspect of this invention relates to a method to kill M. chelonae using chlorine dioxide. A further aspect of the invention pertains to synergistic combinations of halogen oxidizers and chlorine dioxide that are efficacious against nontuberculosis mycobacteria.

Low-molecular-weight chemical breakdown products are associated with the use of chlorine dioxide and hydrogen peroxide. Such products can pass through the reverse osmosis membrane and are removed only by carbon filtration; however, at high concentrations, there may be incomplete removal. Whilst a separate mains feed to the haemodialysis unit water treatment system will control for the presence of disinfectant breakdown products arising from the local addition of chemicals there should be continued awareness and communication with the water provider to ensure that previously unused chemicals are not introduced into the drinking water supply

To limit the formation of trihalomethanes and to attain adequate disinfection in the distribution system, the Louisville Water Company investigated several disi...

PDF | On Aug 26, 2013, Lucie Maranda and others published Chlorine dioxide as a treatment for ballast water to control invasive species: Shipboard testing | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate

Soldiers deployed beyond traditional field drinking water supplies must have access to microbiologically safe water. Using Individual Water Purification Devices (IWPDs) is one way to provide microbiologically safe water in these situations. These IWPDs must protect the Soldier from acute microbial health threats. Understanding the disinfection capabilities of chlorine dioxide to kill or inactivate disease-causing microorganisms is important in protecting soldiers, who are considering using this technology, from acute health threats posed by these microorganisms. This information paper provi...

Chlorine dioxide and ozone are also robust oxidizing agents, both of which can effectively control viruses. Irrespective of the sanitization utilized at a drinking water facility, the travel of purified water from the treatment plant to the tap can lead to cross-contamination because of cavitation and random depressurisation; thus, it is necessary to utilize alternative sanitizers in distribution systems. In spite of more powerful disinfecting effect of free chlorine in terms of inactivating pathogens, monochloramine leaves residues with a higher stability in distribution systems hence both are useable. Human coronavirus can persist for only two days in dechlorinated tap water and hospital effluent at 20 °C (WHO, 2020). A main barricade to extensive use of water quality settings is that not a single sanitization technique is effectual towards the whole viruses. To have efficient concentrated sanitization, free chlorine remaining concentration must be ≥ 0·5 mg/L following a minimum of 30 min after contact time at pH < 8·0 (WHO, 2011). A chlorine residue should remain all over the distribution system.

Chlorine Dioxide has a lot of advantages compared to other chemistries

The effects of chlorine dioxide and chlorine disinfections on genotoxicity of different biologically treated sewage wastewater samples were studied by umu-test. The experiment results showed that when chlorine dioxide dosage increased from 0 mg/L to 30 mg/L, the genotoxicity of wastewater first decr …

The drinking water industry is closely examining options to maintain disinfection in distribution systems. In particular this research compared the relative efficiency of the chlorite ion (ClO2-) to chlorine dioxide (ClO2) for biofilm control. Chlorite levels were selected for monitoring since they …

Waste production in healthcare facilities in developing countries has brought about a variety of concerns due to the use of inappropriate methods of m…

"Chlorine dioxide disinfectant residuals may be difficult to maintain as the water temperature increases due to faster reaction with organic materials or pipe surfaces." "A chlorine dosage rate of 2.5 mg/L removed biofilm better than a chlorine dioxide dosage rate of 0.5 mg/L." "At a a hospital, rates of positive Legionella detections decreased significantly, from 23 percent to 12 percent for hot water taps, and to almost zero percent for the cold water reservoir. Average chlorine dioxide residuals were 88 percent lower for the hot water tap than the cold, or 0.08 mg/L and 0.68 mg/L, respectively." "residual disinfectant concentrations for chlorine dioxide by using DPD colorimetric test kits,"

This report summarizes the current state of knowledge on the persistence of biological agents on drinking water infrastructure (such as pipes) along w…

Legionella is a genus of pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria responsible for a serious disease known as legionellosis, which is transmitted via inhalati…

This study reports a two-year programme of attempted eradication of Legionella colonization in the potable water supply of a 1000-bed tertiary care teaching hospital in Wales. There was a simultaneous, point-of-care, sterile-water-only policy for all intensive care units (ICU) and bone marrow and re …

The waterborne healthcare-associated infections are mainly sustained by Legionella and Pseudomonas spp. Various water factors and plumbing characteristics, and the interaction with other water microorganisms are considered to be predictive of Legionella contamination. It is therefore mandatory to or …

{Combined with Citric Acid to reduce hard water mineral scaling} "concentration of 1500 mg/l chlorine dioxide. On wells that demonstrated significant hard water scaling, acetic or citric acid was applied with the chlorine dioxide to help dissolve inorganic carbonate scale deposits." "A single chlorine dioxide treatment achieved a 100 percent success rate for the sustained elimination of microbial contamination in the wells" "chlorine dioxide is a true gas that is a relatively stable oxidant, reacting only with reduced compounds such as sulfides, phenols, and biomass. This allows it to penetrate into the formation, kill bacteria, destroy biomass, and oxidize contaminants without forming undesirable by-products. Because chlorine dioxide does not become less soluble in the presence of acids, it can be safely used in conjunction with them to achieve treatment of multi-component matrix damage. As it is a well-established EPA-registered biocide for use in drinking water and food, regulatory considerations are limited to local permitting requirements."