06: Expansion and Sectionalism

06: Expansion and Sectionalism

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The Civil War Muse - The Pottawatomie Massacre
The Civil War Muse - The Pottawatomie Massacre
Detailed description of the Pottawatomie Massacre. This was John Brown's first foray into violence in Kansas in 1856. Five Kansas settlers were killed by John Brown, several of his sons and other abolitionists in response to the Sack of Lawrence.
The Civil War Muse - The Pottawatomie Massacre
John Browns Raid - Washington County CVB
John Browns Raid - Washington County CVB
Videos, dozens of articles concerning the raid. Much of the material related to reenactments, national park guide videos.
John Browns Raid - Washington County CVB
A Plea for Captain John Brown - Thoreau
A Plea for Captain John Brown - Thoreau
Take a look at the next to last paragraph - is this a pacifist? Not only is this essay usable in its entirety, taking the past two paragraphs can show how characterizations like "Thoreau is a pacifist" are problematic, but also the way in which Brown's raid catalyzed the country
A Plea for Captain John Brown - Thoreau
Using Historiography to Analyze the Mexican-American War |
Using Historiography to Analyze the Mexican-American War |
Students can compare and contrast short excerpts from US History textbooks written in 1911 and 1995, from Teachinghistory.org. This exercise could fit into a one-third of an in-class assignment or as homework. It would help take the text out and paste it separately.
Using Historiography to Analyze the Mexican-American War |
Slavery's Opponents and Defenders | EDSITEment
Slavery's Opponents and Defenders | EDSITEment
This lesson plan will explore the wide-ranging debate over American slavery by presenting the lives of its leading opponents and defenders and the views they held about America's "peculiar institution."
Slavery's Opponents and Defenders | EDSITEment
Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 lesson
Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 lesson
The unit is made up of three lessons. The first addresses the events that led up to the passing of the Kansas – Nebraska Act, primarily the plans for the building of the Railroads to the West. The next lesson deals with the attempts to populate the new territories after the bill was passed. The last lesson approaches the long-range effects on the development of the United States that the Bill had.
Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 lesson
Dred Scott Decision Lesson
Dred Scott Decision Lesson
In these lessons, students learn the legal reasoning behind the Court's decision through direct analysis of the majority opinion.
Dred Scott Decision Lesson
America Responds to Dred Scott
America Responds to Dred Scott
Purpose of lesson will be to familiarize students with different reactions Americans had to the Dred Scott decision. Students should note that the Dred Scott case heightened tension between pro-slavery forces and anti-slavery forces.  This lesson include audio files of
America Responds to Dred Scott
Uncle Tom's Cabin & The Ideology of Slavery
Uncle Tom's Cabin & The Ideology of Slavery
This lesson uses "Uncle Tom’s Cabin & American Culture: A Multimedia Archive" (www.iath.virginia.edu/utc) to examine the sectional crisis of the 1850s, as well as slavery and the mindset of Southern planters during the Antebellum Era. The lesson draws on the rich array of material available at the "Uncle Tom's Cabin & American Culture" website. In completing the assignment, students are required to analyze not only traditional text documents but also a selection of audio and visual sources.
Uncle Tom's Cabin & The Ideology of Slavery
The Transcontinental Railroad
The Transcontinental Railroad
Using a variety of maps, students assess the need for a transcontinental railroad in the 1860's. They then analyze two founding documents for the settlement of the West, the Homestead Act and the Pacific Railway Act both passed by Congress in 1862.  PBS - THE WEST - Lesson Plans Index
The Transcontinental Railroad
The Mexican-American War -Lincoln's Opposition
The Mexican-American War -Lincoln's Opposition
Students will utilize primary source documents to explore arguments surrounding Abraham Lincoln's opposition to the Mexican War.  Thenl compare the arguments surrounding Lincoln's opposition to war with those surrounding war protestors during the Persian Gulf War in 1991.  Students will consider the definition of patriotism in light of a country's decision to go to war, and write a 1-2 page paper defining and defending their position on the question "Is protest patriotic?"
The Mexican-American War -Lincoln's Opposition
John Brown: Hero or Terrorist
John Brown: Hero or Terrorist

Digital History Exploration with categorized links to information regarding the 1959 raid, the trial and the public response.  Material can be used for Mock Trial or to explore the following questions: Why did John Brown, alone among northern abolitionists, choose violence as the way to end slavery?, What impact did he have on the coming of the Civil War?, Was he successful in achieving his goals, was he a failure, or was his legacy more ambiguous?, Could slavery have been abolished in this country without violence?

John Brown: Hero or Terrorist
Westward Expansion: Digital History
Westward Expansion: Digital History
During the 1830s and 1840s, the United States acquired vast new territories in the West. This chapter describes the Native Americans and Mexicans who inhabited the region; the forces that drove traders, missionaries, and pioneers westward; and the acquisition of western lands by annexation, negotiation, and war.
Westward Expansion: Digital History
The Pre-Civil War South: Digital History
The Pre-Civil War South: Digital History
This chapter critically evaluates stereotypes about the “Old” South, analyzes the impact of slavery on the southern economy, traces the decline of antislavery sentiment in the South, and examines the efforts of Southern nationalists to promote industry and a distinctive southern identity.
The Pre-Civil War South: Digital History
The Impending Crisis: Digital History
The Impending Crisis: Digital History
During the 1850s, the political system became incapable of resolving the sectional disputes between the North and South. This chapter analyzes the Compromise of 1850, including the Fugitive Slave Law; the demise of the Whig Party and the emergence of the Republican party; the Kansas-Nebraska Act; the Dred Scott decision; and John Brown’s raid.
The Impending Crisis: Digital History
Brown Descendant Sues Over Santa Fe Trail Movie
Brown Descendant Sues Over Santa Fe Trail Movie

The December 1940 release of Warner Brother's Santa Fe Trail was billed as a western featuring Errol Flynn and Olivia de Havilland, it focused more on John Brown in Kansas and Harper's Ferry. Little of the film was even remotely accurate as Raymond Massey's portrayal of Brown played up the "crazed lunatic" interpretation. It turns out that John Brown's grandaughter sued Warner Brothers over the movie and his Great-Great-Grandaughter has a blog to tell us about it.

The film accidentally slipped into the public domain and is available at YouTube and the Internet Archive. Teachers can use it to show how history can be depicted. Have students read any traditional narrative of the Harper's Ferry Raid, then watch the ten minute segment of the film to see the difference

Brown Descendant Sues Over Santa Fe Trail Movie
Benjamin Franklin's Excellent Use of Moral Equivalence on Slavery
Benjamin Franklin's Excellent Use of Moral Equivalence on Slavery
This article written by an amateur historian touches on slavery in the United States in the 1790s. Why this is great ? Part 1 - It gives insight into arguments against slavery by describing an article in the Federal Gazette purportedly written by an Algerian Prince, in which he defends the use of white slaves in Africa (hostages of the Barbary pirates) because they would be a burden on society otherwise. Why this is great? Part 2 - There was no Algerian Prince, it was written by Benjamin Franklin!
Benjamin Franklin's Excellent Use of Moral Equivalence on Slavery
The My Hero Project - Virginia Reed
The My Hero Project - Virginia Reed
Virginia Reed is a survivor of the Donnor Party, her diary and letters are a great resource for insight into that tragedy. As we struggle with the identification of what elementary students are capable of, it helps to be reminded of what they already accomplishing in schools across the country.
The My Hero Project - Virginia Reed
John Brown, US Slavery and Segregated Churches: A Christian Historian Offers Perspective
John Brown, US Slavery and Segregated Churches: A Christian Historian Offers Perspective
Is it surprising that this article ignores the brutal murder of Doyle family at Pottawatomie Creek? THis is a wonderful example of the selective understanding of history when it is used for purposes other than understanding. Look closely to see the perspective of the author - then consider why Kansas is left out.
John Brown, US Slavery and Segregated Churches: A Christian Historian Offers Perspective
Making Up America: Russell Banks's Cloudsplitter | Through the dark labyrinth
Making Up America: Russell Banks's Cloudsplitter | Through the dark labyrinth
Excellent essay for teachers more than students, based on the novel "Cloudsplitter" viewing Brown through the eyes of his son, Owen. Interesting motif that uses Laissez Faire rugged individualism as another way to see Brown as a hero.
Making Up America: Russell Banks's Cloudsplitter | Through the dark labyrinth
Investigating US History - John Brown's 1859 Harpers Ferry Raid
Investigating US History - John Brown's 1859 Harpers Ferry Raid

Very comprehensive lesson plan including detailed instructions, lessons and role descriptions for students to assume roles in the process of reviewing primary documents. Lesson provides six roles for students to assume. Great way to have students see Brown from a specific perspective. WATCH OUT - some links to primary docs have broken, may have to relocate. That shouldn't dissuade you from using this lesson, the documents can be found by Googling their names.

Investigating US History - John Brown's 1859 Harpers Ferry Raid