06: Expansion and Sectionalism

06: Expansion and Sectionalism

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Clip LincolnDouglas Freeport Debate | Video | C-SPAN.org
Clip LincolnDouglas Freeport Debate | Video | C-SPAN.org
Perhaps one of the most accurate representations of Lincoln in the Lincoln-Douglas debates of 1858. This 16 minute clip of the Freeport Debate can provide students with an understanding of the atmosphere, language and nature of these debates with just a couple moments of this clip.
Clip LincolnDouglas Freeport Debate | Video | C-SPAN.org
Expansion of the United States animated map
Expansion of the United States animated map
Big, detailed map that shows the additional of territories to the United States and the order and process through which they became states. Great to project during class changes or transitions during the Manifest Destiny unit or as part of a lesson in which individual map (displayed below) can be analyzed more closely
Expansion of the United States animated map
These Maps Reveal How Slavery Expanded Across the United States | History | Smithsonian
These Maps Reveal How Slavery Expanded Across the United States | History | Smithsonian
This articles describes an interactive map that shows the population of slaves, of free African Americans, of all free people, and of the entire United States, as well as each of those measure in terms of population density and the percentage of the total population. The map extends from the first Census in 1790 to the Census taken in 1860 on the eve of the Civil War. The article provides interpretive information, perhaps students can be asked to analyze the maps - would they find the trends explained in the article?
These Maps Reveal How Slavery Expanded Across the United States | History | Smithsonian
Ric Burns: The Donner Party - YouTube
Ric Burns: The Donner Party - YouTube
One of the best documentary films ever made. Haunting music, terrific script, great narration ( ) and a captivating look into the human spirit, both good and bad alike.
Ric Burns: The Donner Party - YouTube
White into Black: Seeing Race, Slavery, and Anti-Slavery in Antebellum America
White into Black: Seeing Race, Slavery, and Anti-Slavery in Antebellum America

This exploration of popular images of slavery and abolition provides close readings of a range of mid-nineteenth century visual works, including statues, political cartoons, reform illustrations, paintings, and photographic portraits. Examining these diverse sources reveals the complicated ways that images influenced popular understanding about race and equality in the antebellum period, and how visual media were used in the struggle to end slavery.

This is part of the "Lessons in Looking" project out of the City University of New York

White into Black: Seeing Race, Slavery, and Anti-Slavery in Antebellum America
Portrait of Sojourner Truth, 1864
Portrait of Sojourner Truth, 1864
This carte-de-visite portrait of African-American abolitionist Sojourner Truth was sold to help raise money for her speaking tours. Art historian Elizabeth Hutchinson uses it to explore public perceptions of slavery, abolitionism, celebrity, and the constructed nature of photographs.
Portrait of Sojourner Truth, 1864
Thomas Crawford, Statue of Freedom, 1855-63
Thomas Crawford, Statue of Freedom, 1855-63
Would you believe that the design of statute that sits atop the US Capitol was the subject of debate because of slavery? Would it help to know that it was put into place when Jefferson Davis was the Secretary of War? Art historian Vivien Fryd explains how the Statue of Freedom, the bronze statue atop the U.S. Capitol dome in Washington, D.C., was altered to accommodate the sectional and racial politics of antebellum America.
Thomas Crawford, Statue of Freedom, 1855-63
John Gast, American Progress, 1872
John Gast, American Progress, 1872
Historian Martha A. Sandweiss demonstrates how John Gast's 1872 painting, which was widely disseminated as a commercial color print, conveys a range of ideas about the frontier in nineteenth-century America.
John Gast, American Progress, 1872
2014 State of the State of Kansas
2014 State of the State of Kansas
In his 2014 State of the State speech, the Governor of Kansas compared the anti-abortion movement (in referring to Kansas's Summer of Mercy) to the Kansas's role in the abolition of slavery, the history of Native Americans and integration of schools.  Was his depiction of the role of Kansas in those events accurate?  How do they compare with the anti-abortion movement?  How does this message speak to voters of Kansas?
2014 State of the State of Kansas
America's First Direct Mail Campaign - National Postal Museum
America's First Direct Mail Campaign - National Postal Museum
US History teachers who speak of the growth of democracy in the Age of Jackson should consider his efforts to restrict the Anti-Slavery Society's use of the postal system. Can we teach that a president is an example of the growth of democracy if he did not believe in free speech?
America's First Direct Mail Campaign - National Postal Museum
Baptism by Blood Cotton | pseudoerasmus
Baptism by Blood Cotton | pseudoerasmus
This is a response argument to Edward Baptist's assertion that the systematic torture of slaves was responsible for the 400% increase in cotton production through the first half of the 19th century. Teachers and students can see an historical argument here and judge for themselves which argument seems to have more weight
Baptism by Blood Cotton | pseudoerasmus
Google Maps Area Calculator Tool
Google Maps Area Calculator Tool
Teachers can navigate to their school using this Google maps tool, then plot out 5 acres of land on their school's property and the neigherbood hear it. That is the amount of land one slave would have to keep free of weeds (according to Edward Baptist). In 1860, the map, according to Baptist, should be 10 acres
Google Maps Area Calculator Tool
Second Middle Passage | Stanford History Education Group
Second Middle Passage | Stanford History Education Group
Slave traders captured and sent an estimated twelve and a half million Africans to the Americas in what is known to many as the Middle Passage. Perhaps less known is the Second Middle Passage of the domestic slave trade in the United States. In this lesson, students analyze a series of documents to answer the question: Why do historians refer to the slave trade within the United States as the Second Middle Passage?
Second Middle Passage | Stanford History Education Group
Freedom on the Move - Slave Runaway Ad Database | Cornell University
Freedom on the Move - Slave Runaway Ad Database | Cornell University
We are designing and beginning data collection for a database that will compile all North American slave runaway ads and make them available for statistical, geographical, textual, and other forms of analysis.
Freedom on the Move - Slave Runaway Ad Database | Cornell University
Video: Bearing Witness: American Slavery As It Is | Watch American Experience Online | PBS Video
Video: Bearing Witness: American Slavery As It Is | Watch American Experience Online | PBS Video

This one minute video describes Theodore Weld's "Slavery as it is" in such a way that it can be included in direct instruction to show students how the nature of slavery was exposed to the non-slave holding public and the motivations that fueled the "benevolent institution" argument. Perhaps this can be linked with an exercise in looking at the book itself. http://utc.iath.virginia.edu/abolitn/amslavhp.html

Video: Bearing Witness: American Slavery As It Is | Watch American Experience Online | PBS Video
Mapping History - Congressional Elections 1852-1858
Mapping History - Congressional Elections 1852-1858
Click through the five maps showing colored congressional districts by party from 1850 through 1858. Notice the way the American (Know-Nothing) nativist party comes out of no where in 1854, then practially disappears in 1856. Notice how Lecompton and Dred Scott balloon the Republican party in 1858. Show each of the maps to students, then set them loose to find out why - could they do it?
Mapping History - Congressional Elections 1852-1858
Sixth Debate: Quincy, Illinois - Lincoln Home National Historic Site (U.S. National Park Service)
Sixth Debate: Quincy, Illinois - Lincoln Home National Historic Site (U.S. National Park Service)

Lincoln's response to Stephen Douglas's attack that he supports equality of the races impels Lincoln to say the following at their sixth debate in 1858. Students can consider this quote and how it reflects the tenor of race relations in the 1850s - then can be shown the sentences that follow to learn how excerpts need to be read in context.

" I have no purpose to introduce political and social equality between the white and black races. There is a physical difference between the two, which, in my judgment, will probably forever forbid their living together on the footing of perfect equality, and inasmuch as it becomes a necessity that there must be a difference, I, as well as Judge Douglas, am in favor of the race to which I belong having the superior position."

Sixth Debate: Quincy, Illinois - Lincoln Home National Historic Site (U.S. National Park Service)
Benjamin Franklin Stringfellow - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Benjamin Franklin Stringfellow - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The "mark every scoundrel" quote on this page has a citation though it is commonly attributed to David Atchison, who said it? Students coming to this page and trusting it with the citation may be in trouble
Benjamin Franklin Stringfellow - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Tocqueville: Book II Chapter 13 (Why the Americans are so restless....)
Tocqueville: Book II Chapter 13 (Why the Americans are so restless....)
It is this chapter that's quoted in Ric Burn's documentary on the Donner Party. It should be read by students before viewing or even knowing about the film. Even without the film, it is worthwhile document to have students consider.;primary document experience that doesn't involve politics. Any lesson involving the American Dream - even in a US II course would be well served by this document.
Tocqueville: Book II Chapter 13 (Why the Americans are so restless....)
Complete Program Transcript . The Donner Party . WGBH American Experience | PBS
Complete Program Transcript . The Donner Party . WGBH American Experience | PBS
Ric Burn's Donner Party film provides an exemplary two class lesson in Manifest Destiny and the dark side of the American Dream. This is the script from the film. It will help to grab historian quotes or diary entries from the film to make assessments or reflection exercises for students
Complete Program Transcript . The Donner Party . WGBH American Experience | PBS
Slavery and Civil Disobedience: Christiana Riot of 1851
Slavery and Civil Disobedience: Christiana Riot of 1851
The Christiana Riot is ripe for a morality lesson plan weighing obedience to the law against slavery. This lesson is one approach but there are others - consider this alongside John Brown
Slavery and Civil Disobedience: Christiana Riot of 1851