06: Expansion and Sectionalism

06: Expansion and Sectionalism

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Freeport Doctrine | Video | C-SPAN.org
Freeport Doctrine | Video | C-SPAN.org
A decent reenactment of Douglas response to the Lincoln question about the ability of people of a territory to limit the expansion of slavery into their territory in light of the Dred Scott decision. Douglas's weak answer is that the people can just avoid passing any laws that support slavery. Can students understand what Douglas is saying? Can they figure out how weak this argument is? Only three minutes
·c-span.org·
Freeport Doctrine | Video | C-SPAN.org
Clip LincolnDouglas Freeport Debate | Video | C-SPAN.org
Clip LincolnDouglas Freeport Debate | Video | C-SPAN.org
Perhaps one of the most accurate representations of Lincoln in the Lincoln-Douglas debates of 1858. This 16 minute clip of the Freeport Debate can provide students with an understanding of the atmosphere, language and nature of these debates with just a couple moments of this clip.
·c-span.org·
Clip LincolnDouglas Freeport Debate | Video | C-SPAN.org
Expansion of the United States animated map
Expansion of the United States animated map
Big, detailed map that shows the additional of territories to the United States and the order and process through which they became states. Great to project during class changes or transitions during the Manifest Destiny unit or as part of a lesson in which individual map (displayed below) can be analyzed more closely
·gif-explode.com·
Expansion of the United States animated map
These Maps Reveal How Slavery Expanded Across the United States | History | Smithsonian
These Maps Reveal How Slavery Expanded Across the United States | History | Smithsonian
This articles describes an interactive map that shows the population of slaves, of free African Americans, of all free people, and of the entire United States, as well as each of those measure in terms of population density and the percentage of the total population. The map extends from the first Census in 1790 to the Census taken in 1860 on the eve of the Civil War. The article provides interpretive information, perhaps students can be asked to analyze the maps - would they find the trends explained in the article?
·smithsonianmag.com·
These Maps Reveal How Slavery Expanded Across the United States | History | Smithsonian
White into Black: Seeing Race, Slavery, and Anti-Slavery in Antebellum America
White into Black: Seeing Race, Slavery, and Anti-Slavery in Antebellum America

This exploration of popular images of slavery and abolition provides close readings of a range of mid-nineteenth century visual works, including statues, political cartoons, reform illustrations, paintings, and photographic portraits. Examining these diverse sources reveals the complicated ways that images influenced popular understanding about race and equality in the antebellum period, and how visual media were used in the struggle to end slavery.

This is part of the "Lessons in Looking" project out of the City University of New York

·picturinghistory.gc.cuny.edu·
White into Black: Seeing Race, Slavery, and Anti-Slavery in Antebellum America
Thomas Crawford, Statue of Freedom, 1855-63
Thomas Crawford, Statue of Freedom, 1855-63
Would you believe that the design of statute that sits atop the US Capitol was the subject of debate because of slavery? Would it help to know that it was put into place when Jefferson Davis was the Secretary of War? Art historian Vivien Fryd explains how the Statue of Freedom, the bronze statue atop the U.S. Capitol dome in Washington, D.C., was altered to accommodate the sectional and racial politics of antebellum America.
·picturinghistory.gc.cuny.edu·
Thomas Crawford, Statue of Freedom, 1855-63
2014 State of the State of Kansas
2014 State of the State of Kansas
In his 2014 State of the State speech, the Governor of Kansas compared the anti-abortion movement (in referring to Kansas's Summer of Mercy) to the Kansas's role in the abolition of slavery, the history of Native Americans and integration of schools.  Was his depiction of the role of Kansas in those events accurate?  How do they compare with the anti-abortion movement?  How does this message speak to voters of Kansas?
<p><span style="line-height: 1.5;">We have been called to blaze the trail for America out of the wilderness on several occasions, with a willingness to stand for what is good, to oppose what is not, and acknowledge when we have been wrong.</span></p> <p><span style="line-height: 1.5;">Kansas marked the bloody trail out of slavery when the Nation was divided and undecided on whether to do so. &nbsp;</span></p> <p><span style="line-height: 1.5;">The chains of bondage of our brothers rubbed our skin and our hearts raw until we could stand it no more and erupted into "Bleeding Kansas."</span></p> <p><span style="line-height: 1.5;">The Summer of Mercy sprung forth in Kansas as we could no longer tolerate the death of innocent children.&nbsp;</span></p> <p><span style="line-height: 1.5;">Last year, I traveled with descendants of the survivors of the Pottawatomie Trail of Death to near Mound City to remember, acknowledge and apologize for the barbarous treatment of Native Americans moved to Kansas.</span></p> <p><span style="line-height: 1.5;">I was at the graveyard at Haskell where Native children, including infants, are buried. Children taken from Native families to be raised as Caucasians under the theme “Kill the Indian. Save the Man.”</span></p> <p><span style="line-height: 1.5;">I was at the Monroe School here in Topeka where the doctrine of “separate but equal” was once the law of the land.</span></p> <p><span style="line-height: 1.5;">As Governor, I acknowledge and accept responsibility on behalf of the people of Kansas and I ask forgiveness for these wrongs we have done.</span></p>
·governor.ks.gov·
2014 State of the State of Kansas
America's First Direct Mail Campaign - National Postal Museum
America's First Direct Mail Campaign - National Postal Museum
US History teachers who speak of the growth of democracy in the Age of Jackson should consider his efforts to restrict the Anti-Slavery Society's use of the postal system. Can we teach that a president is an example of the growth of democracy if he did not believe in free speech?
·postalmuseumblog.si.edu·
America's First Direct Mail Campaign - National Postal Museum
Slavery myths: Seven lies, half-truths, and irrelevancies people trot out about slavery—debunked.
Slavery myths: Seven lies, half-truths, and irrelevancies people trot out about slavery—debunked.
We could compare levels of mistreatment of Northern factory workers and Southern enslaved laborers and find that each group lived with hunger and injury; both findings are dismaying. But this is a distraction from the real issue: Slavery, as a system, legalized and codified the slaveholder’s control over the enslaved person’s body.&nbsp;
·slate.com·
Slavery myths: Seven lies, half-truths, and irrelevancies people trot out about slavery—debunked.
Baptism by Blood Cotton | pseudoerasmus
Baptism by Blood Cotton | pseudoerasmus
This is a response argument to Edward Baptist's assertion that the systematic torture of slaves was responsible for the 400% increase in cotton production through the first half of the 19th century. Teachers and students can see an historical argument here and judge for themselves which argument seems to have more weight
·pseudoerasmus.com·
Baptism by Blood Cotton | pseudoerasmus
The Family Life of the Enslaved – America in Class – resources for history & literature teachers
The Family Life of the Enslaved – America in Class – resources for history & literature teachers
When students analyze slavery through something as familiar and intimate as family life, the deepen the understanding of slavery beyond Congressional laws and abolitionists.
·americainclass.org·
The Family Life of the Enslaved – America in Class – resources for history & literature teachers
Second Middle Passage | Stanford History Education Group
Second Middle Passage | Stanford History Education Group
Slave traders captured and sent an estimated twelve and a half million Africans to the Americas in what is known to many as the Middle Passage. Perhaps less known is the Second Middle Passage of the domestic slave trade in the United States. In this lesson, students analyze a series of documents to answer the question: Why do historians refer to the slave trade within the United States as the Second Middle Passage?
·sheg.stanford.edu·
Second Middle Passage | Stanford History Education Group
Video: Bearing Witness: American Slavery As It Is | Watch American Experience Online | PBS Video
Video: Bearing Witness: American Slavery As It Is | Watch American Experience Online | PBS Video

This one minute video describes Theodore Weld's "Slavery as it is" in such a way that it can be included in direct instruction to show students how the nature of slavery was exposed to the non-slave holding public and the motivations that fueled the "benevolent institution" argument. Perhaps this can be linked with an exercise in looking at the book itself. http://utc.iath.virginia.edu/abolitn/amslavhp.html

·video.pbs.org·
Video: Bearing Witness: American Slavery As It Is | Watch American Experience Online | PBS Video
Mapping History - Congressional Elections 1852-1858
Mapping History - Congressional Elections 1852-1858
Click through the five maps showing colored congressional districts by party from 1850 through 1858. Notice the way the American (Know-Nothing) nativist party comes out of no where in 1854, then practially disappears in 1856. Notice how Lecompton and Dred Scott balloon the Republican party in 1858. Show each of the maps to students, then set them loose to find out why - could they do it?
·mappinghistory.uoregon.edu·
Mapping History - Congressional Elections 1852-1858
Sixth Debate: Quincy, Illinois - Lincoln Home National Historic Site (U.S. National Park Service)
Sixth Debate: Quincy, Illinois - Lincoln Home National Historic Site (U.S. National Park Service)

Lincoln's response to Stephen Douglas's attack that he supports equality of the races impels Lincoln to say the following at their sixth debate in 1858. Students can consider this quote and how it reflects the tenor of race relations in the 1850s - then can be shown the sentences that follow to learn how excerpts need to be read in context.

" I have no purpose to introduce political and social equality between the white and black races. There is a physical difference between the two, which, in my judgment, will probably forever forbid their living together on the footing of perfect equality, and inasmuch as it becomes a necessity that there must be a difference, I, as well as Judge Douglas, am in favor of the race to which I belong having the superior position."

·nps.gov·
Sixth Debate: Quincy, Illinois - Lincoln Home National Historic Site (U.S. National Park Service)
Tocqueville: Book II Chapter 13 (Why the Americans are so restless....)
Tocqueville: Book II Chapter 13 (Why the Americans are so restless....)
It is this chapter that's quoted in Ric Burn's documentary on the Donner Party. It should be read by students before viewing or even knowing about the film. Even without the film, it is worthwhile document to have students consider.;primary document experience that doesn't involve politics. Any lesson involving the American Dream - even in a US II course would be well served by this document.
·xroads.virginia.edu·
Tocqueville: Book II Chapter 13 (Why the Americans are so restless....)
Complete Program Transcript . The Donner Party . WGBH American Experience | PBS
Complete Program Transcript . The Donner Party . WGBH American Experience | PBS
Ric Burn's Donner Party film provides an exemplary two class lesson in Manifest Destiny and the dark side of the American Dream. This is the script from the film. It will help to grab historian quotes or diary entries from the film to make assessments or reflection exercises for students
It is odd to watch with what feverish ardor Americans pursue prosperity. Ever tormented by the shadowy suspicion that they may not have chosen the shortest route to get it. They cleave to the things of this world as if assured that they will never die, and yet rush to snatch any that comes within their reach as if they expected to stop living before they had relished them. Death steps in, in the end, and stops them before they have grown tired of this futile pursuit of that complete felicity which always escapes them.
''My dear cousin: We are all very well pleased with California. It is a beautiful country. It ought to be a beautiful country to pay us for our trouble getting there. Tell Henrietta if she wants to get married to come to California. She can get a Spaniard anytime.''
'Oh, Mary. I have not wrote you half of the trouble we've had, but I have wrote you enough to let you know what trouble is. But thank God, we are the only family that did not eat human flesh. We have left everything, but I don't care for that. We have got through with our lives. Don't let this letter dishearten anybody. Remember, never take no cutoffs and hurry along as fast as you can.''
Oh, Mary. I have not wrote you half of the trouble we’ve had, but I have wrote you enough to let you know what trouble is. But thank God, we are the only family that did not eat human flesh. We have left everything, but I don’t care for that. We have got through with our lives. Don’t let this letter dishearten anybody. Remember, never take no cutoffs and hurry along as fast as you can.
·shoppbs.pbs.org·
Complete Program Transcript . The Donner Party . WGBH American Experience | PBS