Along with the study of brain activity evoked by external stimuli, an increased interest in the research of background, “noisy” brain activity is fast developing in current neuroscience. It is becoming apparent that this “resting-state” activity is a major factor determining other, more particular, responses to stimuli and hence it can be argued that background activity carries important information used by the nervous systems for adaptive behaviors. In this context, we investigated the generation of information in ongoing brain activity recorded with magnetoencephalography (MEG) in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and non-autistic children. Using a stochastic dynamical model of brain dynamics, we were able to resolve not only the deterministic interactions between brain regions, i.e., the brain's functional connectivity, but also the stochastic inputs to the brain in the resting state; an important component of large-scale neural dynamics that no other method can resolve to date. We then computed the Kullback-Leibler (KLD) divergence, also known as information gain or relative entropy, between the stochastic inputs and the brain activity at different locations (outputs) in children with ASD compared to controls. The divergence between the input noise and the brain's ongoing activity extracted from our stochastic model was significantly higher in autistic relative to non-autistic children. This suggests that brains of subjects with autism create more informatio...

Es gibt wohl bis zu 42% mehr Informationsverarbeitung bei den Gehirnen der Menschen auf dem Spektrum. Das ist ne ganze Menge Holz auf die wir Zugriff haben, die andere nicht annähernd in der teils...

Diesen Beitrag hatte ich auf meinem Zweit-/Dritt-/Viertblock Psycho-Handwerker bei DocCheck heute gepostet. Aber er ist nicht für alle frei lesbar, Daher ein Repost von…

Die ADHS-Diagnose ist ein Wendepunkt im Leben von Patienten. Wie die Betreuung Betroffener in der Hausarztpraxis trotz Versorgungslücken gelingt, erfahrt ihr hier.

Picture a reality where nothing is pictured. Psychology reveals what life looks like for someone with aphantasia.

The estimated prevalence of autism spectrum disorder in individuals over 8 years is currently one in 44, with applied behavioural analysis being the most commonly used state-funded form of treatment for autism in the USA.1 Part of its widespread availability is the policy of the American Medical Association (AMA), which supported applied behavioural analysis as the first choice evidence-based treatment for autism.1 However, at the AMA House of Delegates annual meeting in June, 2023, Resolution 706 entitled, “Revision of H-185.921, removal of AMA support for applied behavior analysis”,1 put forward two changes.

Social symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are typically viewed as consequences of an impaired Theory of Mind, i.e. the ability to understand others’ covert mental states. Here, we test the assumption that such “mind blindness” may be due to the inability to exploit contextual knowledge about, e.g., the stakes of social interactions, to make sense of otherwise ambiguous cues (e.g., idiosyncratic responses to social competition). In this view, social cognition in ASD may simply reduce to non-social cognition, i.e. cognition that is not informed by the social context. We compared 24 adult participants with ASD to 24 neurotypic participants in a repeated dyadic competitive game against artificial agents with calibrated mentalizing sophistication. Critically, participants were framed to believe that they were competing against humans (social framing) or not (non-social framing), hence the “reverse Turing test”. In contrast to control participants, the strategy of people with ASD is insensitive to the game’s framing, i.e. they do not constrain their understanding of others’ behaviour with the contextual knowledge about the game (cf. competitive social framing). They also outperform controls when playing against simple agents, but are outperformed by them against recursive algorithms framed as human opponents. Moreover, computational analyses of trial-by-trial choice sequences in the game show that individuals with ASD rely on a distinctive cognitive strategy with subnormal flexibility and mentalizing sophistication. These computational phenotypes yield 79% diagnosis classification accuracy and explain 62% of the severity of social symptoms in people with ASD.

The story that Hans Asperger saved autistic children from the Nazis is exposed as a myth in Edith Sheffer’s new biography

Die Aufmerksamkeitsstörung ADHS bekommt gerade viel Aufmerksamkeit. In den sozialen Medien wimmelt es vor Selbstoffenbarungen – auch von Prominenten. Modeerscheinung oder ein echtes Problem?

Image description: Examples of good autism advocacy organizations at the top, such as the Autistic Self Advocacy Network, Autistic Inclusive Meets, the Autistic Women and Nonbinary Network, and Aut…

Having variation in cognitive functioning makes you neurodivergent. Learn about the different types of neurodivergences, along with what they mean.

Chaotisch, impulsiv, kreativ: Erwachsene mit AD(H)S ecken im Job oft an – und punkten mit besonderen Stärken.

One of the most pernicious stereotypes is that neurodivergent people are only a good fit for subordinate positions or working in highly technical or individual roles.

For many, an attention deficit hyperactivity disorder diagnosis is the thing it took to forgive ourselves and finally start healing

The language of neurodiversity has now been with us for some time. Judy Singer coined the word “neurodiversity” more than two decades ago, and Kassiane Asasumasu (formerly Kassiane Sibley) gave us the term “neurodivergent”º. However, the language of neurodiversity is still not being used in a standard way, neither in the community, nor in practice,…

And how to make more informed design decisions. by Gareth Ford Williams