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CCK09: What about teaching?
CCK09: What about teaching?
Stephen Downes on connectivism and teaching, arguing that this theory isn't really about classroom teaching.
This theory is, first and foremost, a theory about learning. This is why I tweeted a few weeks ago that people - including teachers - should be viewing Connectivism as a theory describing how to <span style="font-style: italic;">learn</span>, not how to teach. And what it says about learning, essentially, is that you should immerse yourselve in the relevant environment, observe and practice the common actions in that environment, and reflect on that practice.
So - insofar as there is a pedagogy attached to Connectivism, I content that it involves more and more removing students from a structured and managed classroom environment, and more and more providing means for them to be immersed in communities of practitioners, and for this to happen at a younger and younger age, and in addition, to more and more create in practitioners the expectation and responsibility of working openly and including new and inexperienced members into their communities.
So to me, an answer to the question "What impact does networked learning have on *in class* activity?" should be, "it eliminates it". <br><br>Now I realize that this is not helpful to teachers looking for tips and tricks for in-class activities. Such teachers, I contend, shpuld be looking for eays of moving their students out of their classrooms and into authentic learning environments, while at the same time fostering the communicative and reasoning skills (which has often been neglected) that will enable them to begin participating in such environments.
·ltc.umanitoba.ca·
CCK09: What about teaching?
Dave’s Whiteboard » Blog Archive » 21st-century skills: Downes’s OS for the mind
Dave’s Whiteboard » Blog Archive » 21st-century skills: Downes’s OS for the mind
Dave Ferguson pulls out big ideas from Stephen Downes' "OS for the mind" essay. Essentially, the argument is that we need to teach more than just facts: we need to teach people what to do with facts.
<li><strong>You can learn to tell fact from non-fact. </strong>Detecting deception (or, I think, error, or misrepresentation) is a skill, Downes says, “and you need just as much as your computer needs to be able to detect malware.”</li> <li><strong>You’ve gotta decide.</strong> This point is key: decision-making isn’t rote performance, which means it’s not based solely on facts.</li>
·daveswhiteboard.com·
Dave’s Whiteboard » Blog Archive » 21st-century skills: Downes’s OS for the mind
A review of research on professional learning communities: What do we know?
A review of research on professional learning communities: What do we know?

Like the title says, a research review on PLCs, synthesizing results from 10 articles.

  • All research supported the idea that learning communities change teaching practice, although not all articles were specific about what changes took place.
  • In one study, teachers in PLCs developed more student-centered classrooms. Some other studies discussed specific teaching strategies used as a result of PLCs.
  • All studies showed a change in school culture through "collaboration, focus on student learning, teacher authority, and continuous teacher learning."
  • All 6 studies that looked at student achievement found that student learning improved. However, this was only seen when the focus of collaboration was student learning and not just working together.
  • Their conclusion: "The focus of a PLC should be developing teachers’ “knowledge of practice” around the issue of student learning"
  • "...working collaboratively is the process not the goal of a PLC. The goal is enhanced student achievement."
·nsrfharmony.org·
A review of research on professional learning communities: What do we know?
Could Power Point Presentations Be Stifling Learning?
Could Power Point Presentations Be Stifling Learning?
This summary doesn't say how large the sample size was, and the researchers clarify that it's only about teaching new concepts. However, it is interesting to note that animation in PowerPoint slide decreased recall and comprehension.
<p>To test their hypothesis, the team recorded two versions of a PowerPoint lecture. The presentations differed only in the presence of animation to incrementally present information. They then showed students either the animated or non-animated lecture and then tested the students recall and comprehension of the lecture.</p> <p>The team found a marked difference in average student performance, with those seeing the non-animated lecture performing much better in the tests than those who watched the animated lecture. Students were able to recall details of the static graphics much better. Animated slides meant to present information incrementally actually require greater concentration, which makes it harder to remember content as well as reducing overall exposure time to the "complete" slide, the researchers found.</p>
<p>To test their hypothesis, the team recorded two versions of a PowerPoint lecture. The presentations differed only in the presence of animation to incrementally present information. They then showed students either the animated or non-animated lecture and then tested the students recall and comprehension of the lecture.</p> <p>The team found a marked difference in average student performance, with those seeing the non-animated lecture performing much better in the tests than those who watched the animated lecture. </p>
·sciencedaily.com·
Could Power Point Presentations Be Stifling Learning?
Will at Work Learning: New Research Report on Using Culturally, Linguistically, and Situationally Relevant Scenarios
Will at Work Learning: New Research Report on Using Culturally, Linguistically, and Situationally Relevant Scenarios
Research on how to support learning with scenarios that are relevant to the specific situation. Even though this is explicitly about workplace training, the major recommendations could be adapted for instructional design in education contexts too.
Utilize decision-making scenarios. Consider using them not just in a minor role—for example at the end of a section—but integrated into the main narrative of your learning design.
Determine the most important points you want to get across AND the most important situations in which these points are critical. Then, provide extra repetitions spaced over time on these key points and situations.
·willatworklearning.com·
Will at Work Learning: New Research Report on Using Culturally, Linguistically, and Situationally Relevant Scenarios
Donald Clark Plan B: Brilliant 35 studies in media and learning
Donald Clark Plan B: Brilliant 35 studies in media and learning
Great summary of research points on our perceptions of media with implications for using media effectively for learning. For example, audio quality matters a lot, but video quality can be low and still effective. Large, wide screens are preferred over higher quality images on smaller screens.
35 psychological studies into the human reaction to media all point towards the simple proposition that people react towards media socially even though, at a conscious level, they believe it is not reasonable to do so. They can't help it. In short, people think that computers are people, which makes e-learning work.
As long as a media technology is consistent with social and physical rules, we will accept it. Read that last part again, 'as long as a media technology is consistent with social and physical rules'. If the media technology fails to conform to these human expectations - we will very much not accept it.
·donaldclarkplanb.blogspot.com·
Donald Clark Plan B: Brilliant 35 studies in media and learning
Whatever You Do, Don’t Drop Practice | Tom Werner
Whatever You Do, Don’t Drop Practice | Tom Werner

Summary of research which compared courses with the same content but with specific elements of Gagne's instructional events removed. The strongest correlation with student performance and satisfaction was with practice with feedback. (This is an old post, but it's moved since I originally bookmarked it.)

The only instructional element that really matters is practice with feedback.
·brandon-hall.com·
Whatever You Do, Don’t Drop Practice | Tom Werner
Handbook of Emerging Technologies for Learning - Emerging Technologies for Learning
Handbook of Emerging Technologies for Learning - Emerging Technologies for Learning
George Siemens and Peter Tittenberger have created this wiki handbook for educators who want to incorporate technology into learning. Looks at how and why change is happening in education and how technology can help meet the educational needs of a changing world.
·ltc.umanitoba.ca·
Handbook of Emerging Technologies for Learning - Emerging Technologies for Learning
Blogging as Reflective Practice | Adventures in Corporate Education
Blogging as Reflective Practice | Adventures in Corporate Education
Thoughts on blogging as reflective practice for learning, with benefits in both the activity of writing and the social connections
So basically when you blog, you have to think about what you have read, how that compares to what you already know or what you have experienced, and that comparison helps you to construct new mental models that you articulate in written form (your blog).
·gminks.edublogs.org·
Blogging as Reflective Practice | Adventures in Corporate Education
In the Middle of the Curve: Deeper Instructional Design
In the Middle of the Curve: Deeper Instructional Design
Wendy Wickham's liveblogged notes from Clark Quinn's presentation on Deeper Instructional Design. Lots of ideas in this post--create models that actually help people understand the content and recognize patterns, pay attention to motivation and emotion, give learners the least they need to get them to do what's needed, create learner-centered objectives instead of designer-centered objectives, use stories and active practice.
We can't "create" learning<br>- We can design environments conducive to learning.<br>- We design learning experiences.
Don't design CONTENT, design EXPERIENCES<br>- Design the "Flow".<br>- Start bringing in emotions and the actions they take
·in-the-middle-of-the-curve.blogspot.com·
In the Middle of the Curve: Deeper Instructional Design
Connectivism: Learning theory of the future or vestige of the past?
Connectivism: Learning theory of the future or vestige of the past?
IRRODL article on connectivism, looking at its connections to past theories and critics. The authors conclude that while education is undergoing signficant changes, connectivism isn't different enough to be a learning theory on its own. However, they say it does have an important role to play in education as learners gain more independent control.
·irrodl.org·
Connectivism: Learning theory of the future or vestige of the past?
Half an Hour: Things You Really Need to Learn
Half an Hour: Things You Really Need to Learn
Like several other people, I just found this 2006 post from Stephen Downes on 10 things you should learn that you won't be taught in school. Great thoughts for lifelong learning, wherever you are in life.
1. How to predict consequences
The prediction of consequences is part science, part mathematics, and part visualization.
2. How to read
Oddly, by this I do not mean 'literacy' in the traditional sense, but rather, how to look at some text and to <span style="font-style: italic;">understand</span>, in a deep way, what is being asserted
<span style="font-weight: bold;">3. How to distinguish truth from fiction</span>
The first thing to learn is to actually question what you are told, what you read, and what you see on television. Do not simply accept what you are told. Always ask, how can you know that this is true? What evidence would lead you to believe that it is false?
<span style="font-weight: bold;">4. How to empathize</span>
Empathy isn't some sort of bargain. It isn't the application of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethic_of_reciprocity">Golden Rule</a>. It is a <span style="font-style: italic;">genuine</span> feeling in yourself that operates in synch with the other person, a way of accessing their inner mental states through the sympathetic operation of your own mental states. You are polite because <span style="font-style: italic;">you</span> feel bad when you are rude; you are honest because <span style="font-style: italic;">you</span> feel offended when you lie.
5. How to be creative
Creativity, in other words, often operates by <span style="font-style: italic;">metaphor</span>, which means you need to learn how to <span style="font-style: italic;">find things in common</span> between the current situation and other things you know.
<span style="font-weight: bold;">6. How to communicate clearly</span>
Communicating clearly is most of all a matter of knowing what you want to say, and then employing some simple tools in order to say it.
7. How to Learn
Learning to learn is the same as learning anything else. It takes practice.
8. How to stay healthy
Finally, remember: you never have to justify protecting your own life and health.
9. How to value yourself
You can have all the knowledge and skills in the world, but they are meaningless if you do not feel personally empowered to use them; it's like owning a <a href="http://www.lamborghini.co.uk/">Lamborghini</a> and not having a driver's license.
10. How to live meaningfully
If you don't decide what is worth doing, someone will decide for you, and at some point in your life you will realize that you haven't done what is worth doing at all.
·halfanhour.blogspot.com·
Half an Hour: Things You Really Need to Learn
Dave’s Whiteboard » Blog Archive » Learning strategy: follow disgruntle
Dave’s Whiteboard » Blog Archive » Learning strategy: follow disgruntle
An interesting idea for a learning strategy--we read so much online from people who are like us and agree with us that when you read something that makes you disgruntled, it may be a cue to dig deeper. Includes a good quote from Ton Zijlstra (via Harold Jarche) about information overload.
A little while ago, <a href="http://www.jarche.com">Harold Jarche</a> sent this quotation: “”Information overload does not exist. Failing information strategies do exist. ”
·daveswhiteboard.com·
Dave’s Whiteboard » Blog Archive » Learning strategy: follow disgruntle
Groups Vs Networks: The Class Struggle Continues ~ Stephen's Web ~ by Stephen Downes
Groups Vs Networks: The Class Struggle Continues ~ Stephen's Web ~ by Stephen Downes
Transcript of a talk about the differences between groups and networks. Downes situates networks between individuals and groups, as a place where individuals are associated and connected but more diverse than groups. Interesting ideas for assessment and supporting diversity.
Those of you who've taken political science know that all of human history in political science is the division between the individual and the state. Right? The person and the group, right? And these are the two divides. And the whole purpose of politics is to find some sort of accommodation for them or if you're Ayn Rand, to favor the individual and ignore the group.<br><br> And it seems to me that networks offers that middle way. Networks offers that path that isn't the individual and isn't the group, doesn't force you to choose between the individual and the group.
But more or less, a group is a collection of entities or members according to their nature or their feature or their properties or whatever, their essential nature, maybe, their accidental nature, maybe, whatever, but according to their nature. What defines a group is the quality the members possess in common and then the number of members in that group. Groups are about nature, they're about quality, they're about mass. They're about number. <br><br>A network, by contrast, is an association – I use that word very precisely – an association of entities or members where this association is facilitated or created by a set of connections between those entities. And if you say, "Well what is a connection?" A connection is merely some conduit along which a signal can run. Well, that clarified it, didn't it? What defines a network is the nature and the extent of this connectivity. The nature and the extent to which these individuals are connected together.
I want to change the system of assessment in schools because right now we have tests and things like that that are scrupulously fair, particularly distance learning where we outline the objectives the performance metrics and the outcomes and all of that. I want to scrap that system. I want testing to be done by at random by comments from your peers and other people and strangers based on no criteria whatsoever and applied unequally and unfairly.
Already happening now with blogs, youtube comments, etc. Maybe not possible in schools as we know it, at least not totally. Can do it in small pieces though. George and Stephen blogging about a course I developed is an assessment of my work as well as of the students. Better for accessibility when you don't start from the assumption that everyone will learn and be assessed in the same way.
Networks are almost defined by the opposite, defined by their diversity. A network thrives on diversity. It wouldn't be a network without diversity.
Internet technology that encourages diversity rather than conformity includes things like personal home pages or these days, blogs. I should add to this slide MySpace profiles and things like that, your account on Flickr. All of these things that allows the individual to express themselves rather than the individual being part of some larger entity.
·downes.ca·
Groups Vs Networks: The Class Struggle Continues ~ Stephen's Web ~ by Stephen Downes
CCK08: let’so go for a walk in a wood and relax … « Insegnare Apprendere Mutare
CCK08: let’so go for a walk in a wood and relax … « Insegnare Apprendere Mutare
A beautiful metaphor for CCK08. A massively open course like this is too complex to understand the whole thing at once the way you would know a traditional course. Instead, think of the course like a walk in the woods, where you get to know the woods at different levels and in different ways.
However, nobody would assume that in order to know that wood one has to know exactly every tree, one by one, its shape, age and location. Every plant. Every leave of every plant. Every animal and where every animal is and what every animal is doing at any instant. Every stone. Every particle.
·iamarf.wordpress.com·
CCK08: let’so go for a walk in a wood and relax … « Insegnare Apprendere Mutare