New study in mice suggests curbing intestinal inflammation can combat C. diff infection
Clostridioides difficile (C. diff) intestinal infections can cause severe, debilitating diarrhea in patients who are hospitalized or on immunosuppressive therapies. The infections can be very hard to ...
Dysregulated Immunity to Clostridioides difficile in IBD Patients Without a History of Recognized Infection - PubMed
These data suggest that IBD patients, potentially due to underlying intestinal dysbiosis, experience undiagnosed C. difficile infections that result in impaired toxin-specific immunity. This may contribute to the development of inflammatory T cell responses toward commensal bacteria and provide a ra …
Dysregulated Immunity to Clostridioides difficile in IBD Patients Without a History of Recognized Infection - PubMed
These data suggest that IBD patients, potentially due to underlying intestinal dysbiosis, experience undiagnosed C. difficile infections that result in impaired toxin-specific immunity. This may contribute to the development of inflammatory T cell responses toward commensal bacteria and provide a ra …
Recent trends and risk factors associated with Clostridioides difficile infections in hospitalized patients with inflammatory bowel disease - PubMed
Rates of CDI among hospitalized patients with IBD had initially increased, but have declined since 2015. Increased comorbidity, large hospital size, public insurance, and urban teaching hospitals were associated with higher rates of CDI. CDI was associated with increased mortality in hospitalized pa …
Nanobodies against C. difficile TcdA and TcdB reveal unexpected neutralizing epitopes and provide a toolkit for toxin quantitation in vivo - PubMed
Clostridioides difficile is a leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and nosocomial infection in the United States. The symptoms of C. difficile infection (CDI) are associated with the production of two homologous protein toxins, TcdA and TcdB. The toxins are considered bona fide targets fo …
Colonic distribution of FMT by different enema procedures compared to colonoscopy – proof of concept study using contrast fluid - BMC Gastroenterology
Background Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has become an important treatment method in recurrent Clostridioides difficile infections and is under investigation as a treatment for several other diseases. FMT’s mechanism of action is assumed to be through alterations of the colon microbiota. FMT can be delivered by several methods, but few studies have directly compared how FMT is distributed in the colon by different methods. Specifically, the proximal distribution of FMT delivered by enema is unknown. Methods In eight participants, we administered contrast fluid (CF) with viscosity similar to an FMT in a crossover study design. First, CF was administered by colonoscopy, followed by an abdominal X-ray to visualize the CF distribution. Next, after four to eight weeks, participants were given CF, but as an enema, followed by a positioning procedure. X-rays were obtained before (enema ÷) and after (enema +) the positioning procedure. Conclusion Proportion of participants with CF in cecum were 100% after colonoscopy, 50% after enema + and 38% after enema ÷. In the transverse colon, proportions were 100% (colonoscopy), 88% (enema +) and 63% (enema ÷). There were no adverse events. Interpretation This study shows proof of concept for the distribution of FMT to proximal colon when delivered by enema. A positioning procedure after the enema slightly improves the proximal distribution. However, colonoscopy is the only method that ensures delivery to the cecum. Studies are needed to see if FMT colon distribution correlates with treatment effectiveness. Trial registration The study was retrospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05121285) (16/11/2021).
Polyamines and hypusination are important for Clostridioides difficile toxin B (TcdB)-mediated activation of group 3 innate lymphocytes (ILC3s) - PubMed
Clostridioides difficile is the most common cause of nosocomial gastrointestinal tract bacterial infections. We lack fully effective reliable treatments for this pathogen, and there is a critical need to better understand how C. difficile interacts with our immune system. Group 3 innat …
Here, we describe the epidemiology, diagnostics, and treatment of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in the primary health care setting. CDI is traditionally considered as a healthcare associated infection. However, infections with onset in the community represent a large proportion of …
Acquisition site-based remodelling of Clostridium perfringens- and Clostridioides difficile-related gut microbiota - PubMed
The alterations reported herein may have been influenced by C. difficile and diarrhoea acquisition site, despite C. perfringens' ability to cause alterations in microbiota due to its virulence factors. Our findings highlight the need for a holistic view of gut microbiota.
Derivation of clinical predictive factors (CHIEF) for first recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection - PubMed
These findings contribute to the understanding of risk factors associated with CDI recurrence and provide support for the development of prevention strategies.
The RgaS-RgaR two-component system promotes Clostridioides difficile sporulation through a small RNA and the Agr1 system - PubMed
The ability to form a dormant spore is essential for the survival of the anaerobic pathogen, Clostridioides difficile, outside of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract. The initiation of sporulation is governed by the master regulator of sporulation, Spo0A, which is activated by phosphorylation. Mult …
Flagellin is essential for initial attachment to mucosal surfaces by Clostridioides difficile - PubMed
Mucins are glycoproteins which can be found in host cell membranes and as a gelatinous surface formed from secreted mucins. Mucosal surfaces in mammals form a barrier to invasive microbes, particularly bacteria, but are a point of attachment for others. Clostridioides difficile is an anaerobi …
Calprotectin, Microbiota Levels Can Predict C Diff Recurrence, Study Finds
Age, fecal calprotectin level, toxin B PCR cycle threshold, immunosuppression, sex, and creatinine levels were identified as independent risk factors for developing recurrent CDI.
A genomic survey of Clostridioides difficile isolates from hospitalized patients in Melbourne, Australia - PubMed
There has been a decrease in healthcare-associated Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in Australia, coupled with an increase in the genetic diversity of strains isolated in these settings, and an increase in community-associated cases. To explore this changing epidemiology, we studied t …
Microbiome profile and calprotectin levels as markers of risk of recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection - PubMed
Calprotectin levels and abundance of microbial genera such as Fusobacterium and Prevotella in primary episodes could be useful as early markers of R-CDI. We propose a readily available model for prediction of R-CDI that can be applied at the initial CDI episode. The use of this tool could help to be …
Clostridioides difficile infection in the allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant recipient - PubMed
Clostridioides difficile (CD) is one of the most important causes of diarrhea in hospitalized patients, in particular those who undergo an allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (allo-HCT) and who are more at risk of developing a CD infection (CDI) due to frequent hospitalizations, iatrogenic immu …
Microbial ecology between Clostridioides difficile and gut microbiota - PubMed
Clostridioides difficile colonizes a polymicrobial environment in the intestine and is a causative agent for antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) and pseudomembranous colitis (PMC). The most important virulence factors of C. difficile are bacterial toxins, and three toxins (toxin A, to …
Antisense inhibition of RNA polymerase α subunit of Clostridioides difficile - PubMed
Clostridioides difficile, the causative agent of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis, has emerged as a major enteric pathogen in recent years. Antibiotic treatment perturbs the gut microbiome homeostasis, which facilitates the colonization and proliferation of the path …
Prevalence of Non-Toxigenic Clostridioides difficile in Diarrhoea Patients and Their Clinical Characteristics - PubMed
Non-toxigenic Clostridioides difficile (NTCD) has been shown to decrease the risk of recurrent C. difficile infection (CDI) in patients following metronidazole or vancomycin treatment for CDI. Limited data on the prevalence of NTCD strains in symptomatic patients and their clinical cha …
Prevalence of Non-Toxigenic Clostridioides difficile in Diarrhoea Patients and Their Clinical Characteristics - PubMed
Non-toxigenic Clostridioides difficile (NTCD) has been shown to decrease the risk of recurrent C. difficile infection (CDI) in patients following metronidazole or vancomycin treatment for CDI. Limited data on the prevalence of NTCD strains in symptomatic patients and their clinical cha …
Mining Autoimmune-Disorder-Linked Molecular-Mimicry Candidates in Clostridioides difficile and Prospects of Mimic-Based Vaccine Design: An In Silico Approach - PubMed
Molecular mimicry, a phenomenon in which microbial or environmental antigens resemble host antigens, has been proposed as a potential trigger for autoimmune responses. In this study, we employed a bioinformatics approach to investigate the role of molecular mimicry in Clostridioides difficile …
One size does not fit all - Trehalose metabolism by Clostridioides difficile is variable across the five phylogenetic lineages - PubMed
Clostridioides difficile, the leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea worldwide, is a genetically diverse species which can metabolise a number of nutrient sources upon colonising a dysbiotic gut environment. Trehalose, a disaccharide sugar consisting of two glucose molecules bonded …
A computational method to dissect colonization resistance of the gut microbiota against pathogens - PubMed
The mammalian gut microbiome protects the host through colonization resistance (CR) against the incursion of exogenous and often harmful microorganisms, but identifying the exact microbes responsible for the gut microbiota-mediated CR against a particular pathogen remains a challenge. To address thi …
Glycine fermentation by C. difficile promotes virulence and spore formation, and is induced by host cathelicidin - PubMed
Clostridioides difficile is a leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrheal disease. C. difficile colonization, growth, and toxin production in the intestine is strongly associated with its ability to use amino acids to generate energy, but little is known about the impact of specif …
Nectin-3 and shed forms of CSPG4 can serve as epithelial cell receptors for Clostridioides difficile TcdB - PubMed
Clostridioides difficile is a Gram-positive bacterium that can cause mild to severe diarrhea, inflammation, and colonic tissue damage in animal hosts. Symptoms of the disease can be attributed to the activity of toxin B (TcdB) secreted by C. difficile during infection. TcdB can engage …
Clostridium scindens secretome suppresses virulence gene expression of Clostridioides difficile in a bile acid-independent manner - PubMed
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a major health concern and one of the leading causes of hospital-acquired diarrhea in many countries. C. difficile infection is challenging to treat as C. difficile is resistant to multiple antibiotics. Alternative solutions are needed …
