Genetic variation in the human leukocyte antigen region confers susceptibility to Clostridioides difficile infection - PubMed
Clostridioides difficile (C. diff.) infection (CDI) is a leading cause of hospital acquired diarrhea in North America and Europe and a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Known risk factors do not fully explain CDI susceptibility, and genetic susceptibility is suggested by the fact that some pat …
Gut Microbiota Associated with Clostridioides difficile Carriage in Three Clinical Groups (Inflammatory Bowel Disease, C. difficile Infection and Healthcare Workers) in Hospital Field - PubMed
Clostridioides difficile is an anaerobic spore-forming Gram-positive bacterium. C. difficile carriage and 16S rDNA profiling were studied in three clinical groups at three different sampling times: inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, C. difficile infection (CDI) patients …
Review of the Impact of Biofilm Formation on Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection - PubMed
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) may recur in approximately 10-30% of patients, and the risk of recurrence increases with each successive recurrence, reaching up to 65%. C. difficile can form biofilm with approximately 20% of the bacterial genome expressed differently between b …
Analysis of Clostridioides difficile Infection in Children with Diarrhea in Two Hospitals in Southern Brazil - PubMed
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) has been increasingly observed in children, but there is a lack of epidemiological and molecular data on CDI in Latin America. This prospective cohort study aimed to investigate the role of CDI in children with diarrhea. It included 105 children with antimicr …
Genetic variation in the human leukocyte antigen region confers susceptibility to Clostridioides difficile infection - PubMed
Clostridioides difficile (C. diff.) infection (CDI) is a leading cause of hospital acquired diarrhea in North America and Europe and a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Known risk factors do not fully explain CDI susceptibility, and genetic susceptibility is suggested by the fact that some pat …
Dysregulated Immunity to Clostridioides difficile in IBD Patients Without a History of Recognized Infection - PubMed
These data suggest that IBD patients, potentially due to underlying intestinal dysbiosis, experience undiagnosed C. difficile infections that result in impaired toxin-specific immunity. This may contribute to the development of inflammatory T cell responses toward commensal bacteria and provide a ra …
Dysregulated Immunity to Clostridioides difficile in IBD Patients Without a History of Recognized Infection - PubMed
These data suggest that IBD patients, potentially due to underlying intestinal dysbiosis, experience undiagnosed C. difficile infections that result in impaired toxin-specific immunity. This may contribute to the development of inflammatory T cell responses toward commensal bacteria and provide a ra …
Recent trends and risk factors associated with Clostridioides difficile infections in hospitalized patients with inflammatory bowel disease - PubMed
Rates of CDI among hospitalized patients with IBD had initially increased, but have declined since 2015. Increased comorbidity, large hospital size, public insurance, and urban teaching hospitals were associated with higher rates of CDI. CDI was associated with increased mortality in hospitalized pa …
Nanobodies against C. difficile TcdA and TcdB reveal unexpected neutralizing epitopes and provide a toolkit for toxin quantitation in vivo - PubMed
Clostridioides difficile is a leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and nosocomial infection in the United States. The symptoms of C. difficile infection (CDI) are associated with the production of two homologous protein toxins, TcdA and TcdB. The toxins are considered bona fide targets fo …
Colonic distribution of FMT by different enema procedures compared to colonoscopy – proof of concept study using contrast fluid - BMC Gastroenterology
Background Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has become an important treatment method in recurrent Clostridioides difficile infections and is under investigation as a treatment for several other diseases. FMT’s mechanism of action is assumed to be through alterations of the colon microbiota. FMT can be delivered by several methods, but few studies have directly compared how FMT is distributed in the colon by different methods. Specifically, the proximal distribution of FMT delivered by enema is unknown. Methods In eight participants, we administered contrast fluid (CF) with viscosity similar to an FMT in a crossover study design. First, CF was administered by colonoscopy, followed by an abdominal X-ray to visualize the CF distribution. Next, after four to eight weeks, participants were given CF, but as an enema, followed by a positioning procedure. X-rays were obtained before (enema ÷) and after (enema +) the positioning procedure. Conclusion Proportion of participants with CF in cecum were 100% after colonoscopy, 50% after enema + and 38% after enema ÷. In the transverse colon, proportions were 100% (colonoscopy), 88% (enema +) and 63% (enema ÷). There were no adverse events. Interpretation This study shows proof of concept for the distribution of FMT to proximal colon when delivered by enema. A positioning procedure after the enema slightly improves the proximal distribution. However, colonoscopy is the only method that ensures delivery to the cecum. Studies are needed to see if FMT colon distribution correlates with treatment effectiveness. Trial registration The study was retrospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05121285) (16/11/2021).
Polyamines and hypusination are important for Clostridioides difficile toxin B (TcdB)-mediated activation of group 3 innate lymphocytes (ILC3s) - PubMed
Clostridioides difficile is the most common cause of nosocomial gastrointestinal tract bacterial infections. We lack fully effective reliable treatments for this pathogen, and there is a critical need to better understand how C. difficile interacts with our immune system. Group 3 innat …
Here, we describe the epidemiology, diagnostics, and treatment of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in the primary health care setting. CDI is traditionally considered as a healthcare associated infection. However, infections with onset in the community represent a large proportion of …
Acquisition site-based remodelling of Clostridium perfringens- and Clostridioides difficile-related gut microbiota - PubMed
The alterations reported herein may have been influenced by C. difficile and diarrhoea acquisition site, despite C. perfringens' ability to cause alterations in microbiota due to its virulence factors. Our findings highlight the need for a holistic view of gut microbiota.
Derivation of clinical predictive factors (CHIEF) for first recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection - PubMed
These findings contribute to the understanding of risk factors associated with CDI recurrence and provide support for the development of prevention strategies.
The RgaS-RgaR two-component system promotes Clostridioides difficile sporulation through a small RNA and the Agr1 system - PubMed
The ability to form a dormant spore is essential for the survival of the anaerobic pathogen, Clostridioides difficile, outside of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract. The initiation of sporulation is governed by the master regulator of sporulation, Spo0A, which is activated by phosphorylation. Mult …
Flagellin is essential for initial attachment to mucosal surfaces by Clostridioides difficile - PubMed
Mucins are glycoproteins which can be found in host cell membranes and as a gelatinous surface formed from secreted mucins. Mucosal surfaces in mammals form a barrier to invasive microbes, particularly bacteria, but are a point of attachment for others. Clostridioides difficile is an anaerobi …
Calprotectin, Microbiota Levels Can Predict C Diff Recurrence, Study Finds
Age, fecal calprotectin level, toxin B PCR cycle threshold, immunosuppression, sex, and creatinine levels were identified as independent risk factors for developing recurrent CDI.
A genomic survey of Clostridioides difficile isolates from hospitalized patients in Melbourne, Australia - PubMed
There has been a decrease in healthcare-associated Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in Australia, coupled with an increase in the genetic diversity of strains isolated in these settings, and an increase in community-associated cases. To explore this changing epidemiology, we studied t …
Microbiome profile and calprotectin levels as markers of risk of recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection - PubMed
Calprotectin levels and abundance of microbial genera such as Fusobacterium and Prevotella in primary episodes could be useful as early markers of R-CDI. We propose a readily available model for prediction of R-CDI that can be applied at the initial CDI episode. The use of this tool could help to be …
Clostridioides difficile infection in the allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant recipient - PubMed
Clostridioides difficile (CD) is one of the most important causes of diarrhea in hospitalized patients, in particular those who undergo an allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (allo-HCT) and who are more at risk of developing a CD infection (CDI) due to frequent hospitalizations, iatrogenic immu …
Microbial ecology between Clostridioides difficile and gut microbiota - PubMed
Clostridioides difficile colonizes a polymicrobial environment in the intestine and is a causative agent for antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) and pseudomembranous colitis (PMC). The most important virulence factors of C. difficile are bacterial toxins, and three toxins (toxin A, to …
Antisense inhibition of RNA polymerase α subunit of Clostridioides difficile - PubMed
Clostridioides difficile, the causative agent of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis, has emerged as a major enteric pathogen in recent years. Antibiotic treatment perturbs the gut microbiome homeostasis, which facilitates the colonization and proliferation of the path …
Prevalence of Non-Toxigenic Clostridioides difficile in Diarrhoea Patients and Their Clinical Characteristics - PubMed
Non-toxigenic Clostridioides difficile (NTCD) has been shown to decrease the risk of recurrent C. difficile infection (CDI) in patients following metronidazole or vancomycin treatment for CDI. Limited data on the prevalence of NTCD strains in symptomatic patients and their clinical cha …