Characterization and Pharmacological Inhibition of the Pore-Forming Clostridioides difficile CDTb Toxin
The clinically highly relevant Clostridioides (C.) difficile releases several AB-type toxins that cause diseases such as diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis. In addition to the main virulence factors Rho/Ras-glycosylating toxins TcdA and TcdB, hypervirulent strains produce the binary AB-typ …
Patients With Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) Show Higher Gut Bacterial Diversity and Levels of Low-Abundance Genes Than the Healthy Housemates - PubMed
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorder with inadequate antibody responses and low levels of immunoglobulins including IgA that is involved in the maintenance of the intestinal homeostasis. In this study, we analyzed the taxonomical and function …
Gut microbiome-host interactions in driving environmental pollutant trichloroethene-mediated autoimmunity - PubMed
Trichloroethene (TCE), a widely used industrial solvent, is associated with the development of autoimmune diseases (ADs), including systemic lupus erythematosus and autoimmune hepatitis. Increasing evidence support a linkage between altered gut microbiome composition and the onset of ADs. However, i …
Antimicrobial Resistance Progression in the United Kingdom: A Temporal Comparison of Clostridioides difficile Antimicrobial Susceptibilities
Antibiotic resistance in CD has increased since the early 1980s, across the majority of classes. Moxifloxacin resistance determinants may pre-date its introduction.
Postinfection Irritable Bowel Syndrome Following Clostridioides difficile Infection: A Systematic-review and Meta-analysis
Over 20% of patients develop PI-IBS after CDI. Factors such as diagnostic criteria for IBS and CDI treatment did not affect prevalence, though small numbers limit the confidence in these conclusions. Larger, well conducted studies are needed to study PI-IBS in CDI.
Host Metabolic Disorders Induced by Alterations in Intestinal Flora under Dietary Pesticide Exposure - PubMed
A dietary pesticide residue causes underestimated influences on body health. In this work, experimental mice were exposed to commonly used pesticides that cause insulin resistance, inflammation, and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases. Alterations in intestinal flora were detected in the exposure gro …
Structural modifications that increase gut restriction of bile acid derivatives
Bile acid derivatives have been investigated as possible therapeutics for a wide array of conditions, including several for which gut-restricted analogs would likely be preferred. These include the prevention of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) and the treatment of inflammatory bowel …
Identification of a Novel Regulator of Clostridioides difficile Cortex Formation
Clostridioides difficile is a leading cause of health care-associated infections worldwide. These infections are transmitted by C. difficile's metabolically dormant, aerotolerant spore form. Functional spore formation depends on the assembly of two protective layers, a thick layer of modified peptid …
Defending gut microbiota diversity for better health
A diverse gut microbiota consists of different types of microorganisms that produce thousands of powerful compounds and coexist harmoniously in the habitat of the host gut.
Enteric organisms detected in feces of dogs with bloody diarrhea: 45 cases
Bloody diarrhea is a common condition in dogs, but studies evaluating the enteropathogens involved specifically in adult dogs are scarce. In the present study, stool samples from 45 adult dogs with bloody diarrhea were evaluated for the four enteric organisms mainly reported in these cases: canine p …
New microbial genes responsible for bile acid conversion is a major step forward for gut health - News-Medical.Net
As the owner of a human body, you're carrying trillions of microbes with you everywhere you go. These microscopic organisms aren't just hitching a ride; many of them perform essential chemical reactions that regulate everything from our digestion to our immune system to our moods.
Microbial gene discovery could mean greater gut health - EurekAlert
As the owner of a human body, you're carrying trillions of microbes with you everywhere you go. These microscopic organisms aren't just hitching a ride; many of them perform essential chemical reactions that regulate everything from our digestion to our immune system to our moods.
Gut microbiota composition in health-care facility-and community-onset diarrheic patients with Clostridioides difficile infection
The role of gut microbiota in the establishment and development of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) has been widely discussed. Studies showed the impact of CDI on bacterial communities and the importance of some genera and species in recovering from and preventing infection. However, most st …
Phase variable expression of pdcB, a phosphodiesterase influences sporulation in Clostridioides difficile
Clostridioides difficile is the causative agent of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and is the leading cause of nosocomial infection in developed countries. An increasing number of C. difficile infections are attributed to hypervirulence strains that produce more toxins and spores. C. difficile spores are the major factor for the transmission and persistence of the organism. Previous studies have identified global regulators that influence sporulation in C. difficile. This study discovered that PdcB, a phosphodiesterase to influence sporulation in C. difficile UK1 strain positively. Through genetic and biochemical assays, we have shown that phase variable expression of pdcB results in hypo- and hyper-sporulation phenotype. In the ON orientation, the identified promotor is the right orientation to drive the expression of pdcB. Production of PdcB phosphodiesterase reduces the intracellular cyclic-di-GMP concentration, resulting in hyper-sporulation phenotype. The OFF orientation of pdcB switch or mutating pdcB results in increased cyclic-di-GMP and hypo-sporulating phenotype. Additionally, we demonstrated that CodY binds to the upstream region of pdcB to represses its expression, and CodY mediated repression is relieved by the DNA inversion. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest.
N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-homoserine lactone disrupts intestinal barrier and induces systemic inflammation through perturbing gut microbiome in mice - PubMed
As a quorum sensing signal molecule, N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-homoserine lactone (3OC12) regulate the population behavior of microorganisms. Many studies have proved that 3OC12 harm the physiological function of host intestinal epithelial cells. However, the detrimental effects of 3OC12 on intestinal hea …
Dysbiosis and Gut Microbiota Modulation in Systemic Sclerosis - PubMed
Gastrointestinal (GI) involvement is an early manifestation in systemic sclerosis (SSc), affecting more than 90% of patients, and severe GI disease is a marker of poor prognosis and mortality. Recent studies have hypothesized that alterations of the intestinal microbiota, known as dysbiosis, may rep …
Infectious gastroenteritis is common after transplantation and can lead to increased morbidity and mortality. A wide range of organisms can lead to gastroenteritis in this patient population. Clostridioides difficile, cytomegalovirus, and norovirus are the most common pathogens. Newer diagnostic met …
Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis Induced by Intracerebral Hemorrhage Aggravates Neuroinflammation in Mice - PubMed
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) induces a strong hematoma-related neuroinflammatory reaction and alters peripheral immune homeostasis. Recent research has found that gut microbiota plays a role in neurodegeneration and autoimmune diseases by regulating immune homeostasis and neuroinflammation. Theref …
