C Diff Molecular

C Diff Molecular

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Major genetic discontinuity and novel toxigenic species in Clostridioides difficile taxonomy
Major genetic discontinuity and novel toxigenic species in Clostridioides difficile taxonomy
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) remains an urgent global One Health threat. The genetic heterogeneity seen across C. difficile underscores its wide ecological versatility and has driven the significant changes in CDI epidemiology seen in the last 20 years. We analysed an inter …
·pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov·
Major genetic discontinuity and novel toxigenic species in Clostridioides difficile taxonomy
Clostridioides difficile Infection and Liver Cirrhosis - A Retrospective, Cohort Study
Clostridioides difficile Infection and Liver Cirrhosis - A Retrospective, Cohort Study
Our study noted a more severe disease presentation and higher mortality in patients with cirrhosis admitted with CDI. Further studies are required for better understanding of the clinical course of CDI in cirrhosis and to evaluate the need for early intervention in this patient group.
·pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov·
Clostridioides difficile Infection and Liver Cirrhosis - A Retrospective, Cohort Study
Detection of Free Toxin B in the Stool of Asymptomatic Clostridioides difficile Carriers by the Cell Cytotoxicity Neutralization Assay
Detection of Free Toxin B in the Stool of Asymptomatic Clostridioides difficile Carriers by the Cell Cytotoxicity Neutralization Assay
Cell cytotoxicity neutralization assay (CCNA) is considered to be a gold standard to diagnose Clostridioides difficile infections. We performed CCNA on 77 consecutive admission screening rectal swabs from asymptomatic toxigenic C. difficile carriers. Thirty-nine percent of specimens fr …
·pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov·
Detection of Free Toxin B in the Stool of Asymptomatic Clostridioides difficile Carriers by the Cell Cytotoxicity Neutralization Assay
Outcomes of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-related Diarrhea or Colitis in Cancer Patients With Superimposed Gastrointestinal Infections - PubMed
Outcomes of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-related Diarrhea or Colitis in Cancer Patients With Superimposed Gastrointestinal Infections - PubMed
In our study, concomitant GI infections are associated with more severe symptoms in IMDC patients. Antimicrobial treatment did not circumvent the need for immunosuppressive therapy for IMDC or improve the clinical outcome. Concomitant GI infection was not associated with a higher risk of IMDC recurr …
·pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov·
Outcomes of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-related Diarrhea or Colitis in Cancer Patients With Superimposed Gastrointestinal Infections - PubMed
The contribution of bile acid metabolism to the pathogenesis of Clostridioides difficile infection
The contribution of bile acid metabolism to the pathogenesis of Clostridioides difficile infection
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) remains a major global cause of gastrointestinal infection, with significant associated morbidity, mortality and impact upon healthcare system resources. Recent antibiotic use is a key risk factor for the condition, with the marked antibiotic-mediated …
·pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov·
The contribution of bile acid metabolism to the pathogenesis of Clostridioides difficile infection
Clostridioides difficile specific DNA adenine methyltransferase CamA squeezes and flips adenine out of DNA helix
Clostridioides difficile specific DNA adenine methyltransferase CamA squeezes and flips adenine out of DNA helix
Clostridioides difficile infections are an urgent medical problem. The newly discovered C. difficile adenine methyltransferase A (CamA) is specified by all C. difficile genomes sequenced to date (>300), but is rare among other bacteria. CamA is an orphan methyltransferase, unassociated with a res …
·pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov·
Clostridioides difficile specific DNA adenine methyltransferase CamA squeezes and flips adenine out of DNA helix
Understanding the Microbiome | The Power of the Microbiome
Understanding the Microbiome | The Power of the Microbiome
The human microbiome has an important influence on metabolism and immunity. Learn more about how the power of the microbiome may be used to break the cycle of recurrent C diff, here.
·microbiome.ferring.com·
Understanding the Microbiome | The Power of the Microbiome
The repertoire of ABC proteins in Clostridioides difficile
The repertoire of ABC proteins in Clostridioides difficile
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters belong to one of the largest membrane protein superfamilies, which function in translocating substrates across biological membranes using energy from ATP hydrolysis. Currently, the classification of ABC transporters in Clostridioides difficile is not co …
·pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov·
The repertoire of ABC proteins in Clostridioides difficile
Prevalence and impact of antimicrobial resistance in gastrointestinal infections: A review
Prevalence and impact of antimicrobial resistance in gastrointestinal infections: A review
Antimicrobial resistance has become a worldwide problem due to its excessive increase in recent years. The aim of the present review was to bring together data from different articles describing the levels of antimicrobial resistance in the most common gastrointestinal infections reported across the …
·pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov·
Prevalence and impact of antimicrobial resistance in gastrointestinal infections: A review
Large Clostridial Toxins: Mechanisms and Roles in Disease
Large Clostridial Toxins: Mechanisms and Roles in Disease
SUMMARY Large clostridial toxins (LCTs) are a family of bacterial exotoxins that infiltrate and destroy target cells. Members of the LCT family include Clostridioides difficile toxins TcdA and TcdB, Paeniclostridium sordellii toxins TcsL and TcsH, Clostridium novyi toxin TcnA, and Clostridium perfringens toxin TpeL. Since the 19th century, LCT-secreting bacteria have been isolated from the blood, organs, and wounds of diseased individuals, and LCTs have been implicated as the primary virulence factors in a variety of infections, including C. difficile infection and some cases of wound-associated gas gangrene. Clostridia express and secrete LCTs in response to various physiological signals. LCTs invade host cells by binding specific cell surface receptors, ultimately leading to internalization into acidified vesicles. Acidic pH promotes conformational changes within LCTs, which culminates in translocation of the N-terminal glycosyltransferase and cysteine protease domain across the endosomal membrane and into the cytosol, leading first to cytopathic effects and later to cytotoxic effects. The focus of this review is on the role of LCTs in infection and disease, the mechanism of LCT intoxication, with emphasis on recent structural work and toxin subtyping analysis, and the genomic discovery and characterization of LCT homologues. We provide a comprehensive review of these topics and offer our perspective on emerging questions and future research directions for this enigmatic family of toxins.
·t.co·
Large Clostridial Toxins: Mechanisms and Roles in Disease
Clostridioides difficile spores stimulate inflammatory cytokine responses and induce cytotoxicity in macrophages
Clostridioides difficile spores stimulate inflammatory cytokine responses and induce cytotoxicity in macrophages
Clostridioides difficile is a gram-positive, spore-forming anaerobic bacterium, and the leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea worldwide. During C. difficile infection, spores germinate in the presence of bile acids into vegetative cells that subsequently colonize the large intestine and pr …
·pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov·
Clostridioides difficile spores stimulate inflammatory cytokine responses and induce cytotoxicity in macrophages
Large Clostridial Toxins: Mechanisms and Roles in Disease
Large Clostridial Toxins: Mechanisms and Roles in Disease
Large clostridial toxins (LCTs) are a family of bacterial exotoxins that infiltrate and destroy target cells. Members of the LCT family include Clostridioides difficile toxins TcdA and TcdB, Paeniclostridium sordellii toxins TcsL and TcsH, Clostridium novyi toxin TcnA, and Clostridium perfringens to …
·pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov·
Large Clostridial Toxins: Mechanisms and Roles in Disease
IL-16 and BCA-1 Serum Levels Are Associated with Disease Severity of C. difficile Infection
IL-16 and BCA-1 Serum Levels Are Associated with Disease Severity of C. difficile Infection
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is associated with a high risk for complications and death, which requires identifying severe patients and treating them accordingly. We examined the serum level of six cytokines and chemokines (IL-16, IL-21, IL-23, IL-33, BCA-1, TRAIL) and investigate …
·pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov·
IL-16 and BCA-1 Serum Levels Are Associated with Disease Severity of C. difficile Infection
Postinfection Irritable Bowel Syndrome Following Clostridioi... : Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology
Postinfection Irritable Bowel Syndrome Following Clostridioi... : Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology
hods: We systematically searched Medline, Embase, and Web of Science from inception through January 20, 2020 for cohort studies assessing PI-IBS following CDI. Primary outcome was pooled prevalence calculated using inverse variance heterogeneity model [MetaXL (v. 5.3)]. A priori subgroup analyses were done [by irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) diagnostic criteria-Rome vs. others, time of IBS diagnosis-6 mo, exclusion or inclusion of pre-existing IBS and CDI treatment-antibiotic with fecal microbiota transplantation vs. antibiotic only]. Heterogeneity was considered substantial if I2>50%. Results: From 2007 to 2019, 15 studies were included (10 prospective, 5 retrospective; 9 full-text, 6 abstracts). Data from 1218 patients were included in the quantitative analysis. Risk of bias was low in 7, medium in 4 and high in 4 studies. Pooled prevalence of PI-IBS was 21.1% (95% confidence interval, 8.2%-35.7%), I2=96%. Common PI-IBS subtypes were diarrhea-predominant in 46.3% (50) patients, and mixed in 33.3% (36) patients. Subgroup analyses by IBS diagnostic criteria, time of IBS diagnosis or CDI treatment did not significantly change the primary outcome (all P>0.05), nor decrease heterogeneity. Funnel plot analysis revealed publication bias. Conclusions: Over 20% of patients develop PI-IBS after CDI. Factors such as diagnostic criteria for IBS and CDI treatment did not affect prevalence, though small numbers limit the confidence in these conclusions. Larger, well conducted studies are needed to study PI-IBS in CDI. S.K.: is the guarantor of the article and accepts full responsibility for the conduct of the study; also had access to the data and control of decision to publish. S.S.: contributed for study design, data collection and interpretation, analysis, drafting, and revision of manuscript. K.S.: contributed for data interpretation, analysis, drafting, and revision of manuscript. S.S.: contributed for data collection, drafting, and revision of manuscript. M.G.: contributed for data interpretation, drafting, and revision of manuscript. D.P.: contributed for concept, drafting, and revision of manuscript. S.K.: contributed for concept, data interpretation, drafting, and revision of manuscript. Institutional funds were used for the study. M.G. is supported by NIDDK K23 103911 and R03 120475. The authors declare that they have nothing to disclose. Address correspondence to: Sahil Khanna, MBBS, MS, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 (e-mail: khanna.sahil@mayo.edu). Received October 9, 2020 Accepted February 19, 2021 Copyright © 2021 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved....
·journals.lww.com·
Postinfection Irritable Bowel Syndrome Following Clostridioi... : Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology
Characterization and Pharmacological Inhibition of the Pore-Forming Clostridioides difficile CDTb Toxin
Characterization and Pharmacological Inhibition of the Pore-Forming Clostridioides difficile CDTb Toxin
The clinically highly relevant Clostridioides (C.) difficile releases several AB-type toxins that cause diseases such as diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis. In addition to the main virulence factors Rho/Ras-glycosylating toxins TcdA and TcdB, hypervirulent strains produce the binary AB-typ …
·pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov·
Characterization and Pharmacological Inhibition of the Pore-Forming Clostridioides difficile CDTb Toxin
Patients With Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) Show Higher Gut Bacterial Diversity and Levels of Low-Abundance Genes Than the Healthy Housemates - PubMed
Patients With Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) Show Higher Gut Bacterial Diversity and Levels of Low-Abundance Genes Than the Healthy Housemates - PubMed
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorder with inadequate antibody responses and low levels of immunoglobulins including IgA that is involved in the maintenance of the intestinal homeostasis. In this study, we analyzed the taxonomical and function …
·pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov·
Patients With Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) Show Higher Gut Bacterial Diversity and Levels of Low-Abundance Genes Than the Healthy Housemates - PubMed
Gut microbiome-host interactions in driving environmental pollutant trichloroethene-mediated autoimmunity - PubMed
Gut microbiome-host interactions in driving environmental pollutant trichloroethene-mediated autoimmunity - PubMed
Trichloroethene (TCE), a widely used industrial solvent, is associated with the development of autoimmune diseases (ADs), including systemic lupus erythematosus and autoimmune hepatitis. Increasing evidence support a linkage between altered gut microbiome composition and the onset of ADs. However, i …
·pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov·
Gut microbiome-host interactions in driving environmental pollutant trichloroethene-mediated autoimmunity - PubMed