0 Glyconutrients

A mouse study found that the natural sugar trehalose may be able to treat fatty liver disease, a condition partially caused by sugar consumption.

Abstract. Trehalose is a nonreducing disaccharide in which the two glucose units are linked in an α,α-1,1-glycosidic linkage. This sugar is present in a wide va

Autophagy impairment has been demonstrated in the pathogenesis of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and could be a new target of treatment. Trehalose is a natural, nonreducing disaccharide that has been shown to enhance autophagy. Therefore, we investigated whether trehalose treatment reduces renal cyst formation in a Pkd1-hypomorphic mouse model. Pkd1 miRNA transgenic (Pkd1 miR Tg) mice and wild-type littermates were given drinking water supplemented with 2% trehalose from postnatal day 35 to postnatal day 91. The control groups received pure water or 2% sucrose for the control of hyperosmolarity. The effect on kidney weights, cystic indices, renal function, cell proliferation, and autophagic activities was determined. We found that Pkd1 miR Tg mice had a significantly lower renal mRNA expression of autophagy-related genes, including atg5, atg12, ulk1, beclin1, and p62, compared with wild-type control mice. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis showed that cystic lining cells had strong positive staining for the p62 protein, indicating impaired degradation of the protein by the autophagy-lysosome pathway. However, trehalose treatment did not improve reduced autophagy activities, nor did it reduce relative kidney weights, plasma blood urea nitrogen levels, or cystatin C levels in Pkd1 miR Tg mice. Histomorphological analysis revealed no significant differences in the renal cyst index, fibrosis score, or proliferative score among trehalose-, sucrose-, and water-treated groups. Our results demonstrate that adding trehalose to drinking water does not modulate autophagy activities and renal cystogenesis in Pkd1-deficient mice, suggesting that an oral supplement of trehalose may not affect the progression of ADPKD.

Trehalose increases blood glucose levels slowly and induces a slight insulin response. The present study aimed to study the effect of trehalose on prolonged exercise performance. The participants were 12 healthy men (age: 21.3 ± 0.9 y). After an overnight fast (12 h), they first exercised with a constant load (intensity: 40% V˙O2peak) for 60 min using a bicycle ergometer. They continued to exercise with a constant load (40% V˙O2peak) for 30 min between four sets of the 30-s Wingate test. After the 1st set, each participant ingested 500 mL water (control), 8% glucose, or 8% trehalose in three trials. These three trials were at least one week apart and were conducted in a double-blind and randomized crossover manner. Blood was collected for seven biochemical parameters at 12 time points during the experiment. The area under the curve of adrenaline after ingestion of trehalose was significantly lower than that for water and tended to be lower than that for glucose in the later stage of the exercise. Lower secretion of adrenaline after a single dose of 8% trehalose during prolonged exercise reflected the preservation of carbohydrates in the body in the later stage of the exercise. In conclusion, a single ingestion of trehalose helped to maintain prolonged exercise performance.

We hypothesized that supplementation with trehalose, a disaccharide that reverses arterial aging in mice, would improve vascular function in middle-aged and older (MA/O) men and women. Thirty-two healthy adults aged 50-77 years consumed 100 g/day of trehalose ...

We hypothesized that supplementation with trehalose, a disaccharide that reverses arterial aging in mice, would improve vascular function in middle-aged and older (MA/O) men and women. Thirty-two healthy adults aged 50-77 years consumed 100 g/day of trehalose (n=15) or maltose (n=17, isocaloric cont …

We hypothesized that supplementation with trehalose, a disaccharide that reverses arterial aging in mice, would improve vascular function in middle-aged and older (MA/O) men and women. Thirty-two healthy adults aged 50-77 years consumed 100 g/day of trehalose ...

Countries worldwide have confirmed a staggering number of COVID-19 cases, and it is now clear that no country is immune to the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Resource-poor countries with weaker health systems are struggling with epidemics of their own and are now in a more uncertain situation with this rapid …

A total of 10 male collegiate distance runners participated in a randomized crossover trial. After completing a warm-up, each participant ingested 300 mL of a t...

Sugars are well known to retain protein structures and to protect denaturation. Protective actions of sugars on protein structures have been discussed…

Disaccharide glasses are increasingly used to immobilize proteins at room temperature for structural/functional studies and long-term preservation. To unravel the molecular basis of protein immobilization, we studied the effect of sugar/protein concentration ratios in trehalose or sucrose matrixes, in which the bacterial photosynthetic reaction center (RC) was embedded as a model protein. The structural, dynamical, and H-bonding characteristics of the sugar–protein systems were probed by high-field W-band EPR of a matrix-dissolved nitroxide radical. We discovered that RC immobilization and thermal stabilization, being independent of the protein concentration in trehalose, occur in sucrose only at sufficiently low sugar/protein ratios. EPR reveals that only under such conditions does sucrose form a microscopically homogeneous matrix that immobilizes, via H-bonds, the nitroxide probe. We conclude that the protein immobilization capability depends critically on the propensity of the glass-forming sugar to create intermolecular H-bond networks, thus establishing long-range, homogeneous connectivity within the matrix.

We explored whether the combination of anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory guava (Psidium guajava) and trehalose treatment protects the kidney and pancreas against Type II diabetes (T2DM)-induced injury in rats. We measured the active component of guava juice by HPLC analysis. T2DM was induced in Wis …

We explored whether the combination of anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory guava (Psidium guajava) and trehalose treatment protects the kidney and pancreas against Type II diabetes (T2DM)-induced injury in rats. We measured the active component of guava juice by HPLC analysis. T2DM was induced in Wis …

PURPOSE: To compare the therapeutic effect of sodium hyaluronate (SH)–trehalose (Trehalube, Microlabs, Bangalore, India, SH 0.1% and trehalose 3%) or SH (0.1% Hylotears, Raymed, Chandigarh, India) alone in patients with dry eye disease (DED).MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients were randomized into two groups: SH-trehalose (SH 0.1% and trehalose 3%) or SH (0.1% Hylotears) alone. The Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire was used to assess patient's symptoms. Patients were followed up at 4 and 8 weeks, and OSDI score, tear film break-up time (TBUT), tear film height (TFH), Schirmer's test, and conjunctival staining were evaluated at each visit.RESULTS: A total of 384 patients were included in the study, 192 patients in each arm. The mean age of participants was 37.62 + 14.4 years and 225 were women (56%). The improvement in Schirmer's test was significantly better in the SH-trehalose group at 8 weeks (5.26 + 4.3 mm, 95% confidence interval = 4.6–5.9 mm) compared to the SH group (3.71 + 3.9, 95% confidence interval = 3.15–4.28 mm). The TBUT and TFH showed slight improvement at 4 weeks in both groups, but not at 8 weeks. There were no group differences at all-time points in terms of conjunctival staining and OSDI-based grades of DED.CONCLUSION: It was found that treating dry eye with SH-trehalose leads to greater improvement in the Schirmer's values and TBUT after 8 weeks of sustained use in patients with DED, and this was more pronounced in those with severe DED.

The half-lives for spontaneous hydrolysis of trehalose and sucrose at 25 °C are 6.6 × 10[6] years and 440 years. The half-lives for decomposition of the hydrolysis products glucose and fructose are 96 years and 70 days, respectively. ...

Background For scavenging reactive oxygen species, plant possess effective system that protect them from destructive oxidative reaction. Parts of this system as osmoprotectants and antioxidative enzymes are key elements in the defense mechanisms. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the potential of foliar treatment of trehalose (Tre) with different concentrations (0, 0.1 mM, or 0.5 mM) in improving antioxidant defense system of quinoa plant under normal irrigation and drought stress conditions. Results Drought stress caused significant increases in some osmoprotectants as glucose, trehalose, TSS, free amino acids, and proline. Meanwhile, trehalose foliar treatment with different concentrations significantly decreases in free amino acids and proline contents. More accumulation of the tested organic solutes of leaves (glucose, sucrose, trehalose, TSS) of the trehalose-treated plant in both normal irrigated and drought-stressed quinoa plants as compared with the corresponding controls. Treating quinoa plants with trehalose resulted in significant decrease in lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide contents, and LOX activity in normal irrigated and drought-stressed plants. These decreases correlated with significant increases in total phenolic contents as compared with untreated control. Different concentrations of trehalose resulted in significant increases in antioxidant enzymes. Maximum increase antioxidant enzymes were observed by treating plants Tre at 0.5 mM either under normal irrigation or drought conditions. Conclusion It could be concluded that foliar spray of trehalose was effective in improving quinoa performance by reducing hydrogen peroxide free radical and by enhancing antioxidant compounds (phenolics), compatible osmolytes, membrane stability, and antioxidant enzymes.

Insulin is an important therapeutic protein for the treatment of diabetes, but it is unstable and aggregates upon exposure to environmental stressors encountered during storage and transport. To prevent degradation of the protein in this manner and retain as much in vivo bioactivity as possible, a well-defined insulin–trehalose glycopolymer conjugate was synthesized. To accomplish this, a strategy was employed to site-specifically modify insulin with a polymerization initiator at a particular conjugation site; this also facilitated purification and characterization. Lysine of the B chain was preferentially modified by conducting the reaction at high pH, taking advantage of its higher nucleophilicity than the N-terminal amines. Trehalose monomer was polymerized directly from this macroinitiator to form a well-defined conjugate. Bioactivity of the site-specific conjugate was shown to be higher compared to the nonspecific conjugate and the same as the analogous site-specific poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) conjugate, as confirmed by the insulin tolerance test (ITT) in mice. The conjugated trehalose glycopolymer also stabilized insulin to heat as measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with the disaccharides trehalose and cellobiose on antioxidant activity in rumen fluid, blood, and milk of dairy cows. Nine Holstein dairy cows housed in a free-stall barn were divided into 3 groups, with each group …

As a continuous research for the discovery of trehalose-based anti-invasive agents, we developed a convenient synthetic approach for the preparation of 6,6'-dideoxy-6,6'-bis(acylamino)-α,α-D-trehaloses. A series of trehalose-based amides were prepared through the trityl protection of the two primary …

Nutraceuticals are gaining importance owing to their potential applications in numerous sectors including food and feed industries. Among the emerging nutraceuticals, d-tagatose occupies a significan...

Our study identifies TFEB as a master regulator of TAMs in breast cancer. TFEB controls TAM gene expression and function through multiple autophagy/lysosome-dependent and independent pathways. Therefore, pharmacological activation of TFEB would be a promising therapeutic approach to improve the effi …

Neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease and others are due to accumulation of abnormal proteins which fold improperly and impair neuronal function. Accumulation of these proteins could be achieved by several mechanisms including mutation, overpr …

Click here to subscribe - https://www.glutenfreesociety.org/wxrn What are The Best Natural & Non Toxic Sweeteners? Some of the best natural sweeteners to use instead of sugar, aspartame (Nutrasweet), sucralose (Splenda), etc are listed below, but be careful not to overdo these either. Remember that too much natural sugar can also be detrimental. 1. Eat real fruit when it is in season 2. Honey - make sure it is naturally sourced and organic. Many brands of honey are laced with corn syrup. 3. Maple - pure organic 4. Organic Dates 5. Stevia 6. Monk Fruit 7. Sugar Alcohol (xylitol derived from birch) If you want a more in depth look on the topic of natural sweeteners, toxic sweeteners, and alternatives, check out this video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v4BWY-4ptzg To connect with Dr. Osborne visit: On the web: https://drpeterosborne.com/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/DoctorPeterO... Pinterest: https://www.pinterest.com/docosborne/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/drosborne Twitter: https://twitter.com/glutenology *These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This video is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. It is strictly intended for educational purposes only. Additionally, this information is not intended to replace the advice of your physician. Dr. Osborne is not a medical doctor. He does not treat or diagnose disease. He offers nutritional support to people seeking an alternative from traditional medicine. Dr. Osborne is licensed with the Pastoral Medical Association.

Is Splenda really a food, or a highly toxic chemical?

Valvular diseases are common health problems that are strongly related to high morbidity and mortality; aortic valve allograft transplantation may be a promising way to improve survival and relieve symptoms. However, ideal tissue viability has not been observed with common valve cryopreservation met …