2016

Inflammation induces pancreatic islet cell apoptosis. Effects of fucoidan from Acaudina molpadioides (Am-FUC) on inhibition of pancreatic islet cell apoptosis and inflammation in type 2 diabetic mice were investigated. Am-FUC repaired pancreatic islet cells, decreased serum C-reactive protein (CRP), macrophage inflammatory protein 1 (MIP-1), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels, and increased the IL-10 level. Am-FUC also reduced TNF-α, CRP, MIP-1, IL-1β, and IL-6 mRNA expressions, and increased IL-10 mRNA expression in epididymal adipose tissues. Am-FUC reduced Bid, Bax, cytochrome c, caspase 9, and caspase 3 mRNA expressions, and increased Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL mRNA expressions. Am-FUC down-regulated t-Bid, Bax, cytochrome c, and caspase 9 activities, cleaved caspase 3 proteins, and up-regulated Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL proteins. Thus, an Am-FUCblocked mitochondrial pathway was the suppression mechanism in pancreatic islet cell apoptosis via regulation of inflammatory cytokines providing dietary intervention in type 2 diabetes and inflammation-induced pancreatic islet apoptosis.

Fucoidans are complex polysaccharides derived from brown seaweeds which consist of considerable proportions of L-fucose and other monosaccharides, and sulphated ester residues. The search for novel and natural bioproduct drugs (due to toxicity issues associated with chemotherapeutics) has led to the …

OBJECTIVE Glucosamine is a widely used supplement typically taken for osteoarthritis and joint pain. Emerging evidence suggests potential links of glucosamine with glucose metabolism, inflammation, and cardiometabolic risk. We prospectively analyzed the association of habitual glucosamine use with risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and assessed whether genetic susceptibility and inflammation status might modify the association. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This study analyzed 404,508 participants from the UK Biobank who were free of diabetes, cancer, or cardiovascular disease at baseline and completed the questionnaire on supplement use. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the association between habitual use of glucosamine and risk of incident T2D. RESULTS During a median of 8.1 years of follow-up, 7,228 incident cases of T2D were documented. Glucosamine use was associated with a significantly lower risk of T2D (hazard ratio 0.83, 95% CI 0.78–0.89) after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, race, centers, Townsend deprivation index, lifestyle factors, history of disease, and other supplements use. This inverse association was more pronounced in participants with a higher blood level of baseline C-reactive protein than in those with a lower level of this inflammation marker ( P -interaction = 0.02). A genetic risk score for T2D did not modify this association ( P -interaction = 0.99). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that glucosamine use is associated with a lower risk of incident T2D.

Glucose control upon waking is unaffected by hourly sleep fragmentation during the night, but is impaired by morning caffeinated coffee - Volume 124 Issue 10

Background Trehalose is hydrolyzed by a specific intestinal brush-border disaccharidase (trehalase) into two glucose molecules. In animal studies, trehalose has been shown to prevent adipocyte hypertrophy and mitigate insulin resistance in mice fed a high-fat diet. Recently, we found that trehalose improved glucose tolerance in human subjects. However, the underlying metabolic responses after trehalose ingestion in humans are not well understood. Therefore, we examined the glycemic, insulinemic and incretin responses after trehalose ingestion in healthy Japanese volunteers. Methods In a crossover study, 20 fasted healthy volunteers consumed 25 g trehalose or glucose in 100 mL water. Blood samples were taken frequently over the following 3 h, and blood glucose, insulin, active gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and active glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels were measured. Results Trehalose ingestion did not evoke rapid increases in blood glucose levels, and had a lower stimulatory potency of insulin and active GIP secretion compared with glucose ingestion. Conversely, active GLP-1 showed higher levels from 45 to 180 min after trehalose ingestion as compared with glucose ingestion. Specifically, active GIP secretion, which induces fat accumulation, was markedly lower after trehalose ingestion. Conclusions Our findings indicate that trehalose may be a useful saccharide for good health because of properties that do not stimulate rapid increases in blood glucose and excessive secretion of insulin and GIP promoting fat accumulation.

Studies show that synthetic, genetically modified insulin could be to blame for a number of complications in diabetes patients.

It’s possible to simply reverse type 2 diabetes. There are only two things you need to do. By reading this brief post you’ll know what they are, and how to get started. Or skip ahead to the two steps right away > Quick start Twenty years ago, when you bought a brand sparkly new VCR...

Diet and Lifestyle Modifications to control blood sugar and reverse diabetes.

Scientists have successfully converted human skin cells into fully-functional pancreatic cells. The new cells produced insulin in response to changes in glucose levels, and, when transplanted into mice, the cells protected the animals from developing diabetes in a mouse model of the disease.

Diabetes patients traditionally monitor their daily blood glucose levels by using a conventional meter which requires blood sampling from the finger tips. The discomfort of pain and risk of infection can sometimes be a source of great stress and concern. A new method of measuring blood glucose using far infrared light has been developed by researchers who say that it is entirely harmless and non-invasive.

Billions are spent annually and still there is no conventional cure for diabetes. Or is there a cheap, safe and freely available solution already growing beneath our feet?

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious microvascular complication that can lead to chronic and end-stage renal failure. It is understood that inflamma…

Any type of meat (beef, chicken, and pork) produces substantial insulin secretion. In fact, meat protein causes as much insulin release a...

MODY is a rare form of diabetes which is different from both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and runs strongly in families. MODY is caused by a mutation (or change) in a single gene. If a parent has this gene mutation, any child they have, has a 50% chance of inheriting it from them. If a child does inherit the mutation they will generally go on to develop MODY before they’re 25, whatever their weight, lifestyle, ethnic group etc.

Eating meat during breastfeeding is associated with an increased risk of type 1 diabetes, a consequence perhaps of meat glycotoxins or paratuberculosis bacteria that may be passed though breast milk. Subscribe to NutritionFacts.org’s free newsletter to receive our B12 infographic that covers the latest research takeaways and Dr. Greger’s updated recommendations: https://nutritionfacts.org/subscribe/ What’s this about paraTB bacteria having been found in the bloodstream of the majority of tested diabetics tested? You must have missed the last video, Does Paratuberculosis in Milk Trigger Type 1 Diabetes? (http://nutritionfacts.org/video/does-paratuberculosis-in-milk-trigger-type-1-diabetes). I will further explore this hypothesis in my follow-up video Does Paratuberculosis in Meat Trigger Type 1 Diabetes? (http://nutritionfacts.org/video/does-paratuberculosis-in-meat-trigger-type-1-diabetes). The vast majority of cases of diabetes in the U.S. are type 2, though. Ironically, meat may also play a role there. See Why is Meat a Risk Factor for Diabetes? (http://nutritionfacts.org/video/why-is-meat-a-risk-factor-for-diabetes) and How May Plants Protect Against Diabetes? (http://nutritionfacts.org/video/how-may-plants-protect-against-diabetes/). A good short summary can be found in How Not to Die from Diabetes (http://nutritionfacts.org/video/how-not-to-die-from-diabetes/). Have a question about this video? Leave it in the comment section at http://nutritionfacts.org/video/meat-consumption-and-the-development-of-type-1-diabetes and someone on the NutritionFacts.org team will try to answer it. Want to get a list of links to all the scientific sources used in this video? Click on Sources Cited at http://nutritionfacts.org/video/meat-consumption-and-the-development-of-type-1-diabetes. You’ll also find a transcript of the video, my blog and speaking tour schedule, and an easy way to search (by translated language even) through our videos spanning more than 2,000 health topics. If you’d rather watch these videos on YouTube, subscribe to my YouTube Channel here: https://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=nutritionfactsorg Thanks for watching. I hope you’ll join in the evidence-based nutrition revolution! -Michael Greger, MD FACLM Image credit: Alden Chadwick via flickr. Image has been modified. https://NutritionFacts.org • Subscribe: https://nutritionfacts.org/subscribe • Donate: https://nutritionfacts.org/donate • Podcast : https://nutritionfacts.org/audio • Facebook: www.facebook.com/NutritionFacts.org • Twitter: www.twitter.com/nutrition_facts • Instagram: www.instagram.com/nutrition_facts_org • Books (including the NEW How Not to Diet Cookbook): https://nutritionfacts.org/books • Shop: https://drgreger.org

Metabolic effects of Gum Arabic (Acacia Senegal) in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM): Randomized, placebo controlled double blind

Cellular metabolic changes during chronic kidney disease (CKD) may induce higher production of oxygen radicals that play a significant role in the progression of renal damage and in the onset of important comorbidities. This condition seems to be in part related to dysfunctional mitochondria that cause an increased electron “leakage” from the respiratory chain during oxidative phosphorylation with a consequent generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).ROS are highly active molecules that may oxidize proteins, lipids and nucleic acids with a consequent damage of cells and tissues.To mitigate this mitochondria-related functional impairment, a variety of agents (including endogenous and food derived antioxidants, natural plants extracts, mitochondria-targeted molecules) combined with conventional therapies could be employed.However, although the anti-oxidant properties of these substances are well known, their use in clinical practice has been only partially investigated. Additionally, for their correct utilization is extremely important to understand their effects, to identify the correct target of intervention and to minimize adverse effects.Therefore, in this manuscript, we reviewed the characteristics of the available mitochondria-targeted anti-oxidant compounds that could be employed routinely in our nephrology, internal medicine and renal transplant centers. Nevertheless, large clinical trials are needed to provide more definitive information about their use and to assess their overall efficacy or toxicity.

Diabetes mellitus is the most prevalent metabolic disorder contributing to significant morbidity and mortality in humans. Many preventative and therap…

The central nervous system is a key contributor to the problem of painful peripheral nerve disease in people with diabetes, emerging evidence suggests. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) occurs in about one-half of all patients with diabetes. In addition to progressive and severe pain, patients with DNP have insensitivity to trauma, placing them at risk of foot ulcerations, infections, and amputations.

Drugs used to treat diabetes could also be used to treat Alzheimer's disease, and vice versa, according to new research. This is also the first study of its kind to show that Alzheimer's disease can lead to diabetes, as opposed to diabetes occurring first as was previously thought.

Researchers have new insight into the complex interchange that can raise blood levels of unhealthy lipids, or fat, in type 1 diabetes, and early evidence that a drug under study to block cancer cell growth can restore healthier levels.

Diagnosed with or at risk for Type 2 diabetes? These nine natural substances may help you reverse course for a healthier future

In patients suffering from Type 1 diabetes, the immune system attacks the pancreas, eventually leaving patients without the ability to naturally control blood sugar. These patients must carefully monitor the amount of sugar in their blood, measuring it several times a day and then injecting themselves with insulin to keep their blood sugar levels within a healthy range, which is a challenge for many reasons. Now researchers report that encapsulated pancreatic cells offer possible new diabetes treatment.

IN BRIEF For the goals of reducing diabetic kidney disease (DKD) onset and progression, approaches to nutritional therapy are a subject of much debate. This article discusses selected nutrients that have a role in affecting DKD outcomes and introduces application of newer, individualized concepts for healthful eating, as supported by clinical evidence relevant to patients with DKD. Selected aspects of management of advanced DKD are also reviewed.

In recent years, several studies have reported that the prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing every year, and also the acute and chronic complications accompanying this disease are increasing. Diabetic nephropathy is one of chronic complications ...