Amino Acids

Glutathione, a powerful endogenous antioxidant, has been the subject of growing scientific interest. Deficiency is increasingly recognized as a risk factor in heart disease, asthma, neurodegenerative disorders and various types of cancer. Supplementation can greatly improve management of many of these conditions.

Coined “The Mother of All Antioxidants” by Mark Hyman, MD, glutathione is one of the hottest topics in both natural health and medical circles today. Pronounced “gloota-thigh-own,” nearly 117,000 peer-reviewed scientific articles have addressed this powerhouse molecule, and experts are now recognizing that an alarming rate of people are deficient because of: Pre-mature aging Infections Chronic stress Injuries Environmental toxins So-called “health foods” Genetically modified foods Artificial sweeteners Overuse of antibiotics And radiation therapy that is all too easily given to cancer patients today. What Is Glutathione? Reduced glutathione, commonly known as glutathione or GSH, is a tripeptide consisting of L-glutamine, L-cysteine, and glycine. It is ubiquitous in living systems. Glutathione bio-synthesis can be affected by biochemical individuality and/or dietary factors. Chronic oxidative stress can also deplete cellular glutathione. Glutathione is naturally synthesized from N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC) in the human body. Precursors to glutathione, such as whey protein, vitamin C, and glutamine, are also recommended to boost glutathione levels in the body; however, results are inconsistent. Biological individuality is such that not every body has equivalent ability to metabolize the precursor to raise glutathione.* Why Not Give Pure Glutathione? Unfortunately, most oral forms of glutathione are foul smelling, but more importantly, the majority of an oral dose is oxidized before it can be absorbed and used by the cells. Two different formula's offer a unique preparation of glutathione that overcomes these usual limitations. The stability of S-acetylglutathione and Liposomal Glutathione through the intestinal wall and the plasma is well documented. Oral intake of S-acetyl glutathione increases total glutathione and percent-reduced glutathione. Percent-reduced glutathione is a very significant biomarker of health status.* [1-5] The Two Most Absorbable Forms of Oral Glutathione* HormoneSynergy® S-acetyl glutathione or S-Acetyl Glutathione ULTRA, a lipid-like compound, is taken up intact by chylomicrons in the gut. The acetyl bond is placed on its thiol group or sulfur group, which prevents oxidation and allows the molecule to pass diffusively into the cell after absorption in the gut. The bond is then cleaved by non-specific enzymes inside the cell. Acetylation prevents the breakdown of glutathione, and S-acetyl glutathione does not require energy expenditure to be cleaved to reduced glutathione once it crosses the cell wall.* [1-8 S-Acetyl Glutathione S-Acetyl Glutathione ULTRA w/ NAC HormoneSynergy® Liposomal Glutathione Synergy  provides 500 mg of pure glutathione and activated B vitamin cofactors delivered in phosphatidylcholine liposomes for optimal absorption and bioavailability support.* Liposomal Glutathione Antioxidant Activity Glutathione functions extensively in tissues and organs throughout the body. It plays critical roles in protecting the body from oxidative stress, maintaining cellular functions, and supporting healthy immune function. [1,4] Many factors can increase cellular exposure to oxidative insult, and therefore increase cellular consumption of nutrients—such as glutathione—that provide antioxidant activity. This may result in a fierce cycle of oxidative stress and challenges to detoxification. Complete bio-transformation and protection from oxidative stress are important to maintaining cellular integrity and tissue health.* [2,5]

Glutathione is a major antioxidant and cellular protector found throughout the body.

Learn more about GLUTATHIONE uses, effectiveness, possible side effects, interactions, dosage, user ratings and products that contain GLUTATHIONE.

Solid supported membranes (SSMs) are usually formed by an hybrid octadecanethiol/phosphatidylcholine (PC) bilayer supported by a gold electrode. Recently, it was shown that phosphatidylserine (PS) in place of PC can promote a more effective accumulation of lipid vesicles on the SSM surface when Ca …

What Is Alpha GPC Powder? Alpha GPC powder (L-alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine powder) is a choline compound and phospholipid. Alpha GPC is a precursor to acetylcholine and is regarded for its ability to deliver choline across the blood-brain barrier. It is also often used among athletes to help with strength and to ele

Choline is one of the most important nutrients for healthy brain function. When it comes to buying choline in a nootropic supplement, there are several forms and options to choose from.  This guide di

Editor's note: This post was originally published in August 2016. It has been updated and republished in February 2019. What is glutathione? It may be the most important molecule you need to stay healthy and prevent disease. It's known for its anti-aging power as well as its benefit in fighting cancer, heart disease, dementia, and other chronic diseases. It's also important for treating everything from autism and Alzheimer's disease and more. What is Glutathione and What Does it Do? Glutathione is a combination of three simple building blocks of protein or amino acids − cysteine, glycine, and glutamine − and is

Conjugation of D-glucosamine with lipophilic moiety can ease its application in surface modification of liposomes. Interestingly, although D-glucosamine is safe, studies have shed light on “toxic effect” of its conjugates on cancer cells and highlighted its application in targeting glioma. However, understanding the safety of such conjugates for local delivery to the brain is unavailable. Herein, after successful synthesis of D-glucosamine conjugate (GC), the toxicity of functionalized liposome was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. The study revealed a significant effect on cytotoxicity and apoptosis in vitro as assessed on grade IV-resistant glioma cell lines, SF268, U87MG, using MTT assay and PI staining. Additionally, this effect was not observed on normal human erythrocytes in the hemolysis assay. Furthermore, we demonstrated that GC liposomes were non-toxic to the normal brain tissues of healthy Sprague-Dawley rats. Successful functionalization yielded liposome with uniform particle size, stability, and cellular uptake. With

Glutathione (GSH) plays an important role in a multitude of cellular processes, including cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis, and as a result, disturbances in GSH homeostasis are implicated in the etiology and/or progression of a number of human diseases, including cancer, diseases of aging, cystic fibrosis, and cardiovascular, inflammatory, immune, metabolic, and neurodegenerative diseases. Owing to the pleiotropic effects of GSH on cell functions, it has been quite difficult to define the role of GSH in the onset and/or the expression of human diseases, although significant progress is being made. GSH levels, turnover rates, and/or oxidation state can be compromised by inherited or acquired defects in the enzymes, transporters, signaling molecules, or transcription factors that are involved in its homeostasis, or from exposure to reactive chemicals or metabolic intermediates. GSH deficiency or a decrease in the GSH/glutathione disulfide ratio manifests itself largely through an increased susceptibility to oxidative stress, and the resulting damage is thought to be involved in diseases, such as cancer, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. In addition, imbalances in GSH levels affect immune system function, and are thought to play a role in the aging process. Just as low intracellular GSH levels decrease cellular antioxidant capacity, elevated GSH levels generally increase antioxidant capacity and resistance to oxidative stress, and this is observed in many cancer cells. The higher GSH levels in some tumor cells are also typically associated with higher levels of GSH-related enzymes and transporters. Although neither the mechanism nor the implications of these changes are well defined, the high GSH content makes cancer cells chemoresistant, which is a major factor that limits drug treatment. The present report highlights and integrates the growing connections between imbalances in GSH homeostasis and a multitude of human diseases.

Novel liposomes composed of L-α-dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and trehalose surfactant (DMTreCn) were produced by the method of sonication in buffer solution. The thickness of fixed aqueous layer of DMTreCn was larger than that of DMPC liposomes and increased in a dose-dependent manner. The remarkable inhibitory effects of DMTreCn on the growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (Hep-G2 and HuH-7) cells were obtained along with apoptosis, without affecting the growth of normal cells. DMTreCn induced apoptosis of Hep-G2 and HuH-7 cells through the activation of caspase-3, 8 and 9. Release of cytochrome c from mitochondria and activation of Bcl-2 family protein (BAX) were recorded, indicating that DMTreCn induced apoptosis of Hep-G2 and HuH-7 cells through mitochondrial pathway via BAX. It is noteworthy that the remarkable inhibitory effects of DMTreCn on the growth of human HCC cells were obtained along with apoptosis for the first time.

Do you have asthma? Do you know or love someone who does? Here’s how to use supplemental glutathione (reduced, liposomal, and nebulized) to help with this condition. This is the link to the episode on nitric oxide, mentioned in this episode: https://chrismasterjohnphd.com/2018/01/11/nitric-oxide-genes-blood-pressure-asthma/ How to watch it: Watch it on Facebook . Watch it on YouTube. Listen to the Audio. …

For selection of phospholipid excipients for pharmaceutical formulations, natural phospholipids are preferred compared to synthetic phospholipids because they are available at large scale with reprod...

Inhibitory effects of trehalose liposomes (DMTre) composed of 30mol% l-α-dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and 70mol% trehalose surfactants on the growth of lymphoblastic leukemia (MOLT-4) cells in vitro and therapeutic effects of DMTre for xenograft mice model of carcinoma in vivo were examined …

Inhibitory effects of trehalose liposomes (DMTre) composed of 30mol% l-α-dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and 70mol% trehalose surfactants on the growth of lymphoblastic leukemia (MOLT-4) cells in vitro and therapeutic effects of DMTre for xenograft mice model of carcinoma in vivo were examined …

Background/Aim: Previous evidence demonstrates that trehalose liposomes (DMTreC14) composed of L-α-dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and α-D-glycopyranosyl-α-D-glucopyranoside monomyristate (TreC14) inhibit proliferation and invasion on lung carcinoma (A549 cells) in vitro. Here, we aimed to investigate suppressive effects of DMTreC14 on the growth of tumor on human lung carcinoma bearing mice. Materials and Methods: DMTreC14 composed of 30 mol% DMPC and 70 mol% TreC14 were prepared by the sonication method. Anti-tumor activities of DMTreC14 using the subcutaneous and orthotopic graft-bearing mice of A549 cells were investigated in vivo. Results: The remarkable reduction of volume and weight in subcutaneous tumors on subcutaneous lung carcinoma-bearing mice topically administrated with DMTreC14 were obtained. Apoptotic-positive cells in the subcutaneous tumor slice of subcutaneous lung carcinoma-bearing mice topically administrated with DMTreC14 were observed using TUNEL staining. Lung weights on the orthotopic graft-bearing mice of lung carcinoma intravenously administrated with DMTreC14 were markedly decreased compared to those of the control group. Remarkable decrease in dimensions of tumor area of lung on the orthotopic graft-bearing mice of lung carcinoma intravenously administrated with DMTreC14 was obtained in histological analysis using the hematoxylin and eosin staining. Conclusion: Remarkably high anti-tumor activities of DMTreC14 for the subcutaneous and orthotopic graft-bearing mice of lung carcinoma accompanied with apoptosis were revealed for the first time in vivo.

Colostrum powder dressings are safe, promoter of wound healing, more patient compliance in terms of less pain, less number of dressing required. This treatment though found to be more expensive than conventional dressings; results indicate that colostrum powder dressings may be used as an adjunct in …