Biome

The incidence of diabetes mellitus is rapidly increasing throughout the world. Although the exact cause of the disease is not fully clear, perhaps, genetics, ethnic origin, obesity, age, and lifestyle are considered as few of many contributory factors for the disease pathogenesis. In recent years, the disease progression is particularly linked with functional and taxonomic alterations in the gastrointestinal tract microbiome. A change in microbial diversity, referred as microbial dysbiosis, alters the gut fermentation profile and intestinal wall integrity and causes metabolic endotoxemia, low-grade inflammation, autoimmunity, and other affiliated metabolic disorders. This article aims to summarize the role of the gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Additionally, we summarize gut microbial dysbiosis in preclinical and clinical diabetes cases reported in literature in the recent years.

Chinese Medical Journal, a publication of Chinese Medical Association, is a peer-reviewed online journal with semi-monthly print on demand compilation of issues published. The journal's full text is available online at http://www.cmj.org. The journal allows free access (Open Access) to its contents and permits authors to self-archive final accepted version of the articles on any OAI-compliant institutional / subject-based repository.

Visit the Mercola Video Library By Dr. Mercola The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently issued a warning that fluoroquinolone antibiotics, taken by mouth or injection, carry a risk for permanent peripheral neuropathy. The safety announcement states:1 “The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has required the drug labels and Medication Guides for all fluoroquinolone antibacterial drugs be updated to better describe the serious side effect of peripheral neuropathy. This serious nerve damage potentially caused by fluoroquinolones may occur soon after these drugs are taken and may be permanent… The topical formulations of fluoroquinolones, applied to the ears or … Continue reading →

What effect do artificial sweeteners such as sucralose (Splenda), saccharin (Sweet & Low), aspartame (Nutrasweet) and acesulfame K (Sweet One) have on our gut bacteria? Subscribe to NutritionFacts.org’s free newsletter to receive our B12 infographic that covers the latest research takeaways and Dr. Greger’s updated recommendations: https://nutritionfacts.org/subscribe/ Can’t get enough of artificial sweeteners? Check out • Diet Soda and Preterm Birth (http://nutritionfacts.org/video/diet-soda-and-preterm-birth/) • Aspartame Induced Fibromyalgia (http://nutritionfacts.org/video/aspartame-induced-fibromyalgia/) • Aspartame and the Brain (http://nutritionfacts.org/video/Aspartame-and-the-Brain) Even for nontoxic low calorie sweeteners like erythritol (Erythritol May Be a Sweet Antioxidant http://nutritionfacts.org/video/erythritol-may-be-a-sweet-antioxidant/), there are some caveats. See: • How Diet Soda Can Make Us Gain Weight (http://nutritionfacts.org/video/how-diet-soda-could-make-us-gain-weight/) • Neurobiology of Artificial Sweeteners (http://nutritionfacts.org/video/neurobiology-of-artificial-sweeteners/) • Unsweetening the Diet (http://nutritionfacts.org/video/unsweetening-the-diet/) Who cares if our gut flora gets disrupted? Wait until you see how important the little puppies are: • Microbiome: The Inside Story (http://nutritionfacts.org/video/microbiome-the-inside-story) • Prebiotics: Tending Our Inner Garden (http://nutritionfacts.org/video/prebiotics-tending-our-inner-garden) • What’s Your Gut Microbiome Enterotype? (http://nutritionfacts.org/video/whats-your-gut-microbiome-enterotype) • How to Change Your Enterotype (http://nutritionfacts.org/video/how-to-change-your-enterotype) • Paleopoo: What We Can Learn from Fossilized Feces (http://nutritionfacts.org/video/paleopoo-what-we-can-learn-from-fossilized-feces) Have a question for Dr. Greger about this video? Leave it in the comment section at http://nutritionfacts.org/video/effect-of-sucralose-splenda-on-the-microbiome and he'll try to answer it! Image Credit: Dave Crosby via Flickr. https://NutritionFacts.org • Subscribe: https://nutritionfacts.org/subscribe • Donate: https://nutritionfacts.org/donate • Podcast : https://nutritionfacts.org/audio • Facebook: www.facebook.com/NutritionFacts.org • Twitter: www.twitter.com/nutrition_facts • Instagram: www.instagram.com/nutrition_facts_org • Books (including the NEW How Not to Diet Cookbook): https://nutritionfacts.org/books • Shop: https://drgreger.org

Could Monsanto's glyphosate-based herbicide Roundup be leading to the overgrowth of deadly bacteria in animals and humans consuming genetically-modified food contaminated with it?

Scientists show how a specific strain of microbes helps control glucose homeostasis in mice. In the future, this could mean more targeted and powerful probiotics in humans.

OMICS: A Journal of Integrative Biology

The report describes two individuals who suffered from significant hair loss related to alopecia who were treated for a gastrointestinal disorder, C. Diff.

The last thing anyone wants during a stay in the hospital is a hospital-acquired infection. Nosocomial infections, as they are called, are on the rise as more pathogens become resistant to drugs currently available.

Fucoidan is a functional food that possesses various biological activities. This study aims to determine the effects of fucoidan from Undaria pinnatif…

Smoking drastically alters the oral microbiome, the mix of roughly 600 bacterial species that live in people's mouths, a new study has found. The researchers say their analysis is the most comprehensive to date to examine the effects of smoking on the make-up and action of bacterial species in the human mouth based on precise genetic testing.

A simple swab to transfer vaginal microbes from a mother to her C-section-delivered newborn can alter the baby's microbial makeup (microbiome) in a way that more closely resembles the microbiome of a vaginally delivered baby, a small pilot study has demonstrated.

Background The human oral microbiome is formed early in development. Its composition is influenced by environmental factors including diet, substance use, oral health, and overall health and disease. The influence of human genes on the composition and stability of the oral microbiome is still poorly understood. We studied both environmental and genetic characteristics on the oral microbiome in a large twin sample as well as in a large cohort of unrelated individuals. We identify several significantly heritable features of the oral microbiome. The heritability persists in twins even when their cohabitation changes. The heritability of these traits correlates with the cumulative genetic contributions of over half a million single nucleotide sequence variants measured in a different population of unrelated individuals. Comparison of same-sex and opposite sex cotwins showed no significant differences. We show that two new loci on chromosomes 7 and 12 are associated with the most heritable traits. Results An analysis of 752 twin pairs from the Colorado Twin Registry, shows that the beta-diversity of monozygotic twins is significantly lower than for dizygotic or unrelated individuals. This is independent of cohabitation status. Intraclass correlation coefficients of nearly all taxa examined were higher for MZ than DZ twin pairs. A comparison of individuals sampled over 2-7 years confirmed previous reports that the oral microbiome remains relatively more stable in individuals over that time than to unrelated people. Twin modeling shows that a number of microbiome phenotypes were more than 50% heritable consistent with the hypothesis that human genes influence microbial populations. To identify loci that could influence microbiome phenotypes, we carried out an unbiased GWAS analysis which identified one locus on chromosome 7 near the gene IMMPL2 that reached genome-wide significance after correcting for multiple testing. Another locus on chromosome 12 near the non-coding RNA gene INHBA-AS1 achieved genome-wide significance when analyzed using KGG4 that sums SNP significance across coding genes. Discussion Using multiple methods, we have demonstrated that some aspects of the human oral microbiome are heritable and that with a relatively small sample we were able to identify two previously unidentified loci that may be involved.

Phage Therapy Center provides an effective treatment solution for patients who have bacterial infections that do not respond to conventional antibiotic therapies.

Antibiotic resistant urinary tract infections are increasingly common, leaving many looking for natural alternatives. Grapefruit seed extract may be an effective treatment that is safe, affordable and easily accessible

There appear to be just two types of people in the world: those who have mostly Bacteroides type bacteria in their gut, and those whose colons are overwhelmingly home to Prevotella species instead. Subscribe to NutritionFacts.org’s free newsletter to receive our B12 infographic that covers the latest research takeaways and Dr. Greger’s updated recommendations: https://nutritionfacts.org/subscribe/ If our gut flora enterotype could play an important role in our risk of developing chronic diet-associated diseases, the next question is: Can we alter our gut microbiome by altering our diet? And the answer is — diet can rapidly and reproducibly alter the bacteria in our gut, the subject of the follow-up video, How to Change Your Enterotype (https://nutritionfacts.org/video/how-to-change-your-enterotype). Make sure you catch the first four in this series: • How to Reduce Carcinogenic Bile Acid Production (https://nutritionfacts.org/video/how-to-reduce-carcinogenic-bile-acid-production/) • Putrefying Protein and “Toxifying” Enzymes (https://nutritionfacts.org/video/putrefying-protein-and-toxifying-enzymes/) • Microbiome: The Inside Story (https://nutritionfacts.org/video/microbiome-the-inside-story) • Prebiotics: Tending Our Inner Garden (https://nutritionfacts.org/video/prebiotics-tending-our-inner-garden) Who we have living in our gut may also play a role in autoimmune diseases. See Why Do Plant-Based Diets Help Rheumatoid Arthritis? (https://nutritionfacts.org/video/why-do-plant-based-diets-help-rheumatoid-arthritis) Since this video originally came out, I have even more on the microbiome. See: • Gut Dysbiosis: Starving Our Microbial Selves (https://nutritionfacts.org/video/gut-dysbiosis-starving-microbial-self/) • How to Develop a Healthy Gut Ecosystem (https://nutritionfacts.org/video/how-to-develop-a-healthy-gut-ecosystem/) • Microbiome: We Are What They Eat (https://nutritionfacts.org/video/microbiome-we-are-what-they-eat/) Have a question about this video? Leave it in the comment section at http://nutritionfacts.org/video/flashback-friday-whats-your-gut-microbiome-enterotype and someone on the NutritionFacts.org team will try to answer it. Want to get a list of links to all the scientific sources used in this video? Click on Sources Cited at http://nutritionfacts.org/video/flashback-friday-whats-your-gut-microbiome-enterotype. You’ll also find a transcript and acknowledgments for the video, my blog and speaking tour schedule, and an easy way to search (by translated language even) through our videos spanning more than 2,000 health topics. If you’d rather watch these videos on YouTube, subscribe to my YouTube Channel here: https://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=nutritionfactsorg Thanks for watching. I hope you’ll join in the evidence-based nutrition revolution! -Michael Greger, MD FACLM Captions for this video are available in several languages. To find yours, click on the settings wheel on the lower-right of the video and then "Subtitles/CC." Do you have feedback about the translations in this video? Please share it here along with the title of the video and language: https://nutritionfacts.zendesk.com/hc/requests/new Image Credit: geralt via Pixabay. https://NutritionFacts.org • Subscribe: https://nutritionfacts.org/subscribe • Donate: https://nutritionfacts.org/donate • Podcast : https://nutritionfacts.org/audio • Facebook: www.facebook.com/NutritionFacts.org • Twitter: www.twitter.com/nutrition_facts • Instagram: www.instagram.com/nutrition_facts_org • Books (including the NEW How Not to Diet Cookbook): https://nutritionfacts.org/books • Shop: https://drgreger.org

New research has found a way to partially restore brain cell communication around areas damaged by plaques associated with Alzheimer's disease.

Probiotic gut flora is 70 percent of your immune system, so what are the best probiotics to take? The best brands, the most effective etc is what most people want to know- but the BEST probiotics are not necessarily the nones you buy in a store. You already have them... you just need to revive them and bring them back to health, so they can bring YOU back to health. Learn all about the microbiome world of gut flora probiotics, what the best ones are, where to get them, what to feed them, and also simply understanding what probiotics are in the first place. Hint- they are bacteria and your body is more foreign cells than human cells! Watch and learn. Our Raw Vegan Health Cookbook: http://www.markusworld.com/healthycookbook/bestprobi Facebook: http://www.markusworld.com/facebook/bestbrobi Instagram: http://www.markusworld.com/instagram/bestbrobi Markus Rothkranz website: http://www.markusworld.com/Markus/bestbrobi Online Health Store: http://www.markusworld.com/products/bestbrobi German website: http://www.markusworld.com/german/bestbrobi Our health channel is full of fun, educational videos www.TheHealthyLife.com Check out our raw vegan cookbook www.HealthyCookbook.com Our life-changing health products www.MarkusProducts.com Cara's Instagram www.Instagram.com/IamCaraBrotman Markus and Cara's Instgram: www.Instagram.com/MarkusandCara Best herbal vitamin C in the world- www.MarkusVitaminC.com Heal Yourself 101 book- www.HealYourself101.com (ebook version is a free download) the Photography Channel MarkusPix on Youtube

Children and teenagers who are obese have different microorganisms living in the digestive tract than their lean counterparts, according to a new study.

Did you know that probiotic bacteria are capable of helping you detoxify the most noxious chemicals known to humankind?

Abstract. Multiple environmental factors induce dysbiosis in the gut microbiome and cause a variety of human diseases. Previously, we have first demonstrated th

A researcher ends the debate among physicians regarding sepsis management.

UCLA researchers gained insight into the connections among childhood trauma, brain development and the composition of the gut microbiome.

Sunlight, through a mechanism separate than vitamin D production, energizes T cells that play a central role in human immunity, researchers have found. The findings suggest how the skin, the body’s largest organ, stays alert to the many microbes that can nest there.

Researchers have discovered that the devastating bacterial superbug Clostridioides difficile hijacks the human wound healing system in order to cause serious and persistent disease, opening up the development of new therapies to treat the disease.

Background Type II diabetes is a chronic health condition which is associated with skin conditions including chronic foot ulcers and an increased incidence of skin infections. The skin microbiome is thought to play important roles in skin defence and immune functioning. Diabetes affects the skin environment, and this may perturb skin microbiome with possible implications for skin infections and wound healing. This study examines the skin and wound microbiome in type II diabetes. Methods Eight type II diabetic subjects with chronic foot ulcers were followed over a time course of 10 weeks, sampling from both foot skin (swabs) and wounds (swabs and debrided tissue) every two weeks. A control group of eight control subjects was also followed over 10 weeks, and skin swabs collected from the foot skin every two weeks. Samples were processed for DNA and subject to 16S rRNA gene PCR and sequencing of the V4 region. Results The diabetic skin microbiome was significantly less diverse than control skin. Community composition was also significantly different between diabetic and control skin, however the most abundant taxa were similar between groups, with differences driven by very low abundant members of the skin communities. Chronic wounds tended to be dominated by the most abundant skin Staphylococcus, while other abundant wound taxa differed by patient. No significant correlations were found between wound duration or healing status and the abundance of any particular taxa. Discussion The major difference observed in this study of the skin microbiome associated with diabetes was a significant reduction in diversity. The long-term effects of reduced diversity are not yet well understood, but are often associated with disease conditions.