Glyconutrients

Objective. To assess the application value of comprehensive rehabilitation therapy plus glucosamine hydrochloride for exercise-induced knee injuries and its effect on knee function. Methods. A total of 96 patients with an exercise-induced knee injury who were admitted to our hospital from February 2019 to February 202 were recruited and assigned at a ratio of 1 : 1 with matched general information to a control group (n = 45) or an experimental group (n = 51). Both groups of patients received comprehensive rehabilitation therapy, and the patients in the experimental group were daily given additional glucosamine hydrochloride tablets for 8 weeks. Results. The experimental group showed a higher treatment efficacy than the control group (). After the treatment, the VAS scores and C-reactive protein of the two groups showed a decline, with a lower result in the experimental group than in the control group (). The Lysholm knee scores were increased in the two groups after the treatment, and the experimental group had a higher score (). After the treatment, patients of both groups showed reduced five-times-sit-to-stand-test (FTSST) results, with a better outcome obtained in the experimental group (). Conclusion. Comprehensive rehabilitation therapy plus glucosamine hydrochloride effectively improves the clinical efficacy of exercise-induced knee joint injuries and enhances the knee joint rehabilitation of the patients.

Angiogenesis - Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and bacterial sepsis are distinct conditions, both are known to trigger endothelial dysfunction with corresponding microcirculatory...

Abstract Aims Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and bacterial sepsis are distinct conditions, both are known to trigger endothelial dysfunction with corresponding microcirculatory impairment. The purpose […]

The non-digestible polysaccharide acemannan in Aloe vera gel is highly butyrate fermentable dietary fiber. The relationship between Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia with butyrogenic microbiota and butyrate fermented was discussed in the prevention of human physiological disease such as Alzheimer’s disease and dementia progression. In case report 1, it was suggested that the efficacy of hypotensive, hypoglycemic, antianginal, and cognition enhancer drug for a frail female patient needed the nursing care level 2, may be supported with daily ingestion of aloe vera juice with the drug and multivitamin modulating from the nursing care level 2 into 1 and providing an important role in the modulation of brain homeostasis.

Trehalose is a nonreducing disaccharide in which the two glucose units are linked in an alpha,alpha-1,1-glycosidic linkage. This sugar is present in a wide variety of organisms, including bacteria, yeast, fungi, insects, invertebrates, and lower and higher plants, where it may serve as a source of e …

Currently, colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in the world. Recently, glucosamine and chondroitin have gained popularity for their beneficial effects on cancer. They have already ...

Abstract Background Cancer is associated with early changes in the cardiovascular system (CV) before overt cardiotoxicity. Endothelial dysfunction is induced by chemotherapeutic regimens but there is […]

We present evidence that the 0.5 microm thick gel layer, lining the inner wall of healthy blood vessels, the glycocalyx, is the first line of defence against atherothrombotic disease. All blood vessel linings are coated with this gel, a highly negatively charged structure, rich in anionic sites most …

Purpose: Fucoidan is a dietary supplement which is commonly used by cancer patients. However, despite evidence of positive effects in cell culture environments, there are currently no clinical guidelines for supplementary use of fucoidan in cancer patients. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of fucoidan supplemental use. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using databases including Cochrane Library, JBI, PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL. All original studies on fucoidan for supplemental use in cancer patients were included. The search was made in databases without time restriction. The outcomes included disease progression status, inflammatory markers, nutritional status, adverse effects, and quality of life. The appraisal tool used was JBI-MAStARI. Results: Four studies were included: One randomized controlled trial and three quasi-experimental studies. Meta-analysis was not applied due to the heterogeneity of measurement tools. Overall sample size was 118. Most participants were metastatic colorectal and gastric cancer patients. Two studies revealed a significantly longer survival time and chemotherapy treatment periods with fucoidan use. Positive but insignificant effects of disease control rate, inflammatory markers, nutrition status, fatigue, and financial difficulty were shown in those using fucoidan. Conclusions: The results of this systematic review indicate that the effects of fucoidan were inconsistent with clinical outcomes in metastatic or recurrent cancer patients. Only four studies were included, and heterogeneity in methodologies and relatively small sample sizes limited the research consensus. Although cause and effect between fucoidan and the survival time, disease control or adverse effects could not be confirmed, this study includes the most research on fucoidan in humans.

Viral myocarditis (VMC) is the main cause of sudden acute heart failure and cardiac death in adolescents; however, treatment for VMC is limited. Trehalose is a natural non-reductive disaccharide that protects against cardiovascular diseases by inducing autophagy. The protective effect of trehalose o …

This double-blind, controlled, randomized, three-way cross-over study evaluates the effect of 40 g (D1 group) and 20 g (D2 group) of acacia gum (AG) versus no treatment (NT group) on post-prandial glucose (PPG) levels in normal-weight and overweight subjects. Additionally, post-prandial insulin (PPI) levels as well as the safety and tolerability of gum acacia were assessed. 35 healthy subjects aged 25 - 60 years, body mass index 18.5 kg/m2 - 29.9 kg/m2, received one treatment of 20 g, 40 g, or 0 g of AG each. Glucose and insulin values were determined at -15 min and prior to the intake (time “0”) as well as 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 120, and 180 min after the “0 min” blood draw. The mean PPG levels were lower (34% in D1 group, p = 0.003; 35% in D2 group, p = 0.005) than in the NT group. PPI concentration was statistically significantly lower at all time points except baseline in both treatment groups compared to NT groups. Global benefit and tolerability were rated as “very good” or “good” by 100% of subjects in the treatment groups. This study provides robust evidence of the significant benefits of AG consumption on PPG and PPI levels in healthy subjects. Moreover, very good tolerability was demonstrated.

Ralstonia solanacearum causes bacterial wilt disease, leading to severe crop losses. Xylem sap from R. solanacearum-infected tomato is enriched in the disaccharide trehalose. Water-stressed plants also accumulate trehalose, which increases drought tolerance via abscisic acid (ABA) signaling. Because R. solanacearum-infected plants suffer reduced water flow, we hypothesized that bacterial wilt physiologically mimics drought stress, which trehalose could mitigate. We found that R. solanacearum-infected plants differentially expressed drought-associated genes, including those involved in ABA and trehalose metabolism, and had more ABA in xylem sap. Consistent with this, treating tomato roots with ABA reduced both stomatal conductance and stem colonization by R. solanacearum. Treating roots with trehalose increased xylem sap ABA and reduced plant water use by lowering stomatal conductance and temporarily improving water use efficiency. Trehalose treatment also upregulated expression of salicylic acid (SA)-dependent tomato defense genes; increased xylem sap levels of SA and other antimicrobial compounds; and increased bacterial wilt resistance of SA-insensitive NahG tomato plants. Additionally, trehalose treatment increased xylem concentrations of jasmonic acid and related oxylipins. Finally, trehalose-treated plants were substantially more resistant to bacterial wilt disease. Together, these data show that exogenous trehalose reduced both water stress and bacterial wilt disease and triggered systemic disease resistance, possibly through a Damage Associated Molecular Pattern (DAMP) response pathway. This suite of responses revealed unexpected linkages between plant responses to biotic and abiotic stress and suggested that R. solanacearum-infected plants increase trehalose to improve water use efficiency and increase wilt disease resistance. The pathogen may degrade trehalose to counter these efforts. Together, these results suggest that treating tomatoes with exogenous trehalose could be a practical strategy for bacterial wilt management.

Aging is associated with an increase in oxidative stress, which damages organs such as the kidney. Trehalose has abundant beneficial activities including antioxidative effects. This study aimed to investigate the effects of trehalose on several antioxidant ...

This study aimed to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise combined with glucosamine (OTL) on the apoptosis of chondrocytes of rabbit knee osteoar…

The anti-cancer effects of Aloe vera barbadensis extract C (AVBEC) have been demonstrated in a previous study. However, the specific functional ingred…

Polysaccharides from laminaria japonica protect memory abilities and neurogenesis in mice after cranial irradiation through ameliorating neuroinflammation and collagen IV degradation. International Journal of Radiation Biology. Accepted 4 April 2022.

This study aimed to explore the mechanism of fucoidan in chronic kidney disease (CKD)-triggered cognitive dysfunction. The adenine-induced ICR strain CKD mice model was applied, and RNA-Seq was performed for differential gene analysis between aged-CKD and normal mice. As a result, fucoidan (100 and 200 mg kg−1) significantly reversed adenine-induced high expression of urea, uric acid in urine, and creatinine in serum, as well as the novel object recognition memory and spatial memory deficits. RNA sequencing analysis indicated that oxidative and inflammatory signaling were involved in adenine-induced kidney injury and cognitive dysfunction; furthermore, fucoidan inhibited oxidative stress via GSK3β-Nrf2-HO-1 signaling and ameliorated inflammatory response through regulation of microglia/macrophage polarization in the kidney and hippocampus of CKD mice. Additionally, we clarified six hallmarks in the hippocampus and four in the kidney, which were correlated with CKD-triggered cognitive dysfunction. This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of fucoidan in the treatment of CKD-triggered memory deficits.

Recently, fucoidan has been proposed for use as a potential anti-inflammatory drug. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism of fucoidan in the treatment of ulcerative colitis. We compared the anti-inflammatory effects of fucoidan and fucose induced by dextran sulfate sodium, and the effects of fucoidan and fucose on the gut microbiota of mice. Our results showed that low-dose fucoidan significantly improved weight loss, disease activity index scores, colonic shortening, colonic histopathological damage, intestinal fatty acid binding protein 2 levels, and the expression of Occludin, Claudin-4, and Claudin-1. However, both high-dose fucoidan and fucose did not perform as well as low-dose fucoidan as described above. In addition, 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing showed that low-dose fucoidan significantly increased the abundance of Alloprevotella, and fucose significantly increased Ruminococcaceae, but neither significantly reversed the imbalance in the gut microbiota. Therefore, we inferred that the regulation of fucoidan on colitis has a unique and complex mechanism, and it is not completely dependent on degradation to fucose to relieve ulcerative colitis, nor is it achieved only by regulating the gut microbiota. The mechanism by which fucoidan treats colitis may also include reducing inflammatory cell infiltration and increasing intestinal barrier function.