Normal pressure hydrocephalus associated with COVID-19 infection: a case report - BMC Infectious Diseases
Hydrocephalus secondary to COVID-19 infection | QJM: An International Journal of Medicine | Oxford Academic
Investigating the Neuroimmune, Cerebrovascular, and Cognitive Disturbances Associated with SARS‑CoV‑2 Infection: A Systematic Review of Post‑Acute Outcomes | Research Square
“A systematic review of 73,435 COVID-19 survivors found that 42% had persistent neuroinflammation, 22% had cerebrovascular injury, and 58% had cognitive impairment.”
Persistence of spike protein at the skull-meninges-brain axis may contribute to the neurological sequelae of COVID-19
Exploring the Persistence of the Spike Protein along the Skull-Meninges-Brain Axis and the Neurological Effects of COVID-19
This analysis is supported by numerous videos and illustrations.
Neurological complications after COVID-19: A narrative review
Neuroimmune Dysfunction Facilitates COVID-19-Associated Neurological C
A review of the neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection and long-term effects
Persistence of spike protein at the skull-meninges-brain axis may contribute to the neurological sequelae of COVID-19
Evidence that a COVID-19 infection can induce neurological sequelae.
The SARSCoV2 spike protein can persist in the brain—skull bone marrow and meninges—to induce neurologic damage
SARS-CoV-2 spike protein accumulates & persists in the body for years after infection, especially in the skull-meninges-brain axis, potentially driving long COVID. mRNA vaccines help but cannot stop it.
In mice, it caused inflammation, anxiety, and worsened brain injuries. Vaccines reduced but did not fully eliminate it.
SARS-CoV-2 spike protein persists in the skull-meninges-brain axis in COVID-19 patients•Spike protein is sufficient to induce brain pathological and behavioral changes in mice•Spike protein enhances brain vulnerability and exacerbates neurological damage in mice•mRNA vaccines reduce, but do not eliminate, the spike burden
Cross-Section of Neurological Manifestations Among SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Subvariants—Single-Center Study
“The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 presents a wide spectrum of neurological manifestations."
"Although there is an improvement in the survival rate of patients with COVID-19, the frequency of neurological manifestations increases."
"The occurrence of delirium, cerebrovascular diseases, and ischemic stroke results in higher mortality."
Brain-wide alterations revealed by spatial transcriptomics and proteomics in COVID-19 infection
“We identified dysregulation of mitochondrial and synaptic pathways in deep-layer excitatory neurons and upregulation of neuroinflammation in glia, consistent across both mRNA and protein. Remarkably, these alterations overlapped substantially with changes in age-related neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease”
We identified dysregulation of mitochondrial and synaptic pathways in deep-layer excitatory neurons and upregulation of neuroinflammation in glia, consistent across both mRNA and protein. Remarkably, these alterations overlapped substantially with changes in age-related neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease
Neurological complications caused by SARS-CoV-2
Very comprehensive evaluation of known neurological damage from SarsCov2:
“The pathogenesis of neurological disorders caused by SARS-CoV-2 involves several mechanisms. First, SARS-CoV-2 could enter the brain through retrograde transmission & hematogenous routes & disrupt brain function & structure, thus causing or exacerbating neurological disorders…”