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COVID-19 may Enduringly Impact cognitive performance and brain haemodynamics in undergraduate students
COVID-19 may Enduringly Impact cognitive performance and brain haemodynamics in undergraduate students

“COVID-19 may Enduringly Impact cognitive performance and brain haemodynamics in undergraduate students”

“37 % of the undergraduates exhibited impaired cognition up to 17 months post-infection.”

·sciencedirect.com·
COVID-19 may Enduringly Impact cognitive performance and brain haemodynamics in undergraduate students
Persistence of spike protein at the skull-meninges-brain axis may contribute to the neurological sequelae of COVID-19
Persistence of spike protein at the skull-meninges-brain axis may contribute to the neurological sequelae of COVID-19

Evidence that a COVID-19 infection can induce neurological sequelae.

The SARSCoV2 spike protein can persist in the brain—skull bone marrow and meninges—to induce neurologic damage

SARS-CoV-2 spike protein accumulates & persists in the body for years after infection, especially in the skull-meninges-brain axis, potentially driving long COVID. mRNA vaccines help but cannot stop it.

In mice, it caused inflammation, anxiety, and worsened brain injuries. Vaccines reduced but did not fully eliminate it.

·cell.com·
Persistence of spike protein at the skull-meninges-brain axis may contribute to the neurological sequelae of COVID-19
Cognitive deficits after COVID-19 associated with brain injury biomarkers and volume loss
Cognitive deficits after COVID-19 associated with brain injury biomarkers and volume loss

“Cognitive deficits after COVID-19 associated with brain injury biomarkers and volume loss”

The study found that patients hospitalized with COVID-19, both with and without acute neurological complications, had worse cognitive scores than expected for their age, sex, and education level. These cognitive deficits were observed across all cognitive domains tested. The cognitive impairment was associated with increased levels of brain injury biomarkers in the blood and reduced volume of a specific brain region (the anterior cingulate cortex) on MRI scans. Factors like the severity of the initial COVID-19 illness and the presence of acute confusion (encephalopathy) were linked to the worst cognitive scores.

Cognitive deficits after COVID-19 associated with brain injury biomarkers and volume loss
·openread.academy·
Cognitive deficits after COVID-19 associated with brain injury biomarkers and volume loss
Honestly it kinda pisses me off how some people act like we can't talk about the brain damage from Covid, especially on the population level.
Honestly it kinda pisses me off how some people act like we can't talk about the brain damage from Covid, especially on the population level.

“Honestly it kinda pisses me off how some people act like we can't talk about the brain damage from Covid, especially on the population level. Yes, it's important to consider the ableism. But I have brain damage from Covid, including to my emotions, and we need to talk about it...”

·x.com·
Honestly it kinda pisses me off how some people act like we can't talk about the brain damage from Covid, especially on the population level.
SARS-CoV-2 infection in hiPSC-derived neurons is cathepsin-dependent and causes accumulation of HIF1alpha and phosphorylated tau
SARS-CoV-2 infection in hiPSC-derived neurons is cathepsin-dependent and causes accumulation of HIF1alpha and phosphorylated tau

SARS-CoV-2 infects neurons using cathepsins, causing tau changes linked to Alzheimer’s and neuron death within days

This suggests neurodegenerative risks and potential for cathepsin inhibitors as treatment

·biorxiv.org·
SARS-CoV-2 infection in hiPSC-derived neurons is cathepsin-dependent and causes accumulation of HIF1alpha and phosphorylated tau
Cross-Section of Neurological Manifestations Among SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Subvariants—Single-Center Study
Cross-Section of Neurological Manifestations Among SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Subvariants—Single-Center Study

“The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 presents a wide spectrum of neurological manifestations."

"Although there is an improvement in the survival rate of patients with COVID-19, the frequency of neurological manifestations increases."

"The occurrence of delirium, cerebrovascular diseases, and ischemic stroke results in higher mortality."

·mdpi.com·
Cross-Section of Neurological Manifestations Among SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Subvariants—Single-Center Study
Brain-wide alterations revealed by spatial transcriptomics and proteomics in COVID-19 infection
Brain-wide alterations revealed by spatial transcriptomics and proteomics in COVID-19 infection
“We identified dysregulation of mitochondrial and synaptic pathways in deep-layer excitatory neurons and upregulation of neuroinflammation in glia, consistent across both mRNA and protein. Remarkably, these alterations overlapped substantially with changes in age-related neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease”
We identified dysregulation of mitochondrial and synaptic pathways in deep-layer excitatory neurons and upregulation of neuroinflammation in glia, consistent across both mRNA and protein. Remarkably, these alterations overlapped substantially with changes in age-related neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease
·nature.com·
Brain-wide alterations revealed by spatial transcriptomics and proteomics in COVID-19 infection
Well, shit. SARS-Cov-2 causes impairment of the cholesterol efflux pathway, leading to foam cell formation and prion disease. Just like with HIV due to the protein found at citation #33. Talk about a clusterfuck.
Well, shit. SARS-Cov-2 causes impairment of the cholesterol efflux pathway, leading to foam cell formation and prion disease. Just like with HIV due to the protein found at citation #33. Talk about a clusterfuck.
“Well, shit. SARS-Cov-2 causes impairment of the cholesterol efflux pathway, leading to foam cell formation and prion disease. Just like with HIV due to the protein found at citation #33. “
·x.com·
Well, shit. SARS-Cov-2 causes impairment of the cholesterol efflux pathway, leading to foam cell formation and prion disease. Just like with HIV due to the protein found at citation #33. Talk about a clusterfuck.
We Just Got More Evidence That Long COVID Is a Brain Injury
We Just Got More Evidence That Long COVID Is a Brain Injury

“Signs of brain inflammation were present up to 18 months after first contracting the SARS-CoV-2 virus.

‘We show that the brainstem is a site of vulnerability to long-term effects of COVID-19, with persistent changes evident in the months after hospitalization,’ the authors of the study conclude.”

Signs of brain inflammation were present up to 18 months after first contracting the SARS-CoV-2 virus. if ('undefined' !== typeof window.tmntag && 'undefined' !== typeof window.tmntag.cmd) { tmntag.cmd.push(function () { tmntag.adTag('Purch_Y_C_0_2', false); }); } "We show that the brainstem is a site of vulnerability to long-term effects of COVID-19, with persistent changes evident in the months after hospitalization," the authors of the study conclude.
·sciencealert.com·
We Just Got More Evidence That Long COVID Is a Brain Injury
Posthospitalization COVID-19 cognitive deficits at 1 year are global and associated with elevated brain injury markers and gray matter volume reduction - PubMed
Posthospitalization COVID-19 cognitive deficits at 1 year are global and associated with elevated brain injury markers and gray matter volume reduction - PubMed
“Posthospitalization COVID-19 cognitive deficits at 1 year are global and associated with elevated brain injury markers and gray matter volume reduction”
Posthospitalization
·pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov·
Posthospitalization COVID-19 cognitive deficits at 1 year are global and associated with elevated brain injury markers and gray matter volume reduction - PubMed
If you’re not noticing the (obvious) cognitive impairment in practically everyone around you, it may be due to your own cognitive decline.
If you’re not noticing the (obvious) cognitive impairment in practically everyone around you, it may be due to your own cognitive decline.

“If you’re not noticing the (obvious) cognitive impairment in practically everyone around you, it may be due to your own cognitive decline.

Or denial is rearing its ugly head once again.

Perhaps it’s easier for me considering my background, but honestly, it’s so bloody palpable.”

·x.com·
If you’re not noticing the (obvious) cognitive impairment in practically everyone around you, it may be due to your own cognitive decline.
COVID and the brain: researchers zero in on how damage occurs
COVID and the brain: researchers zero in on how damage occurs

SARS-CoV-2 preferentially infects astrocytes, which support neuron function, potentially leading to symptoms like fatigue and confusion.

SARS-CoV-2 can also infect pericytes, leading to restricted blood flow and small-vessel strokes.

·nature.com·
COVID and the brain: researchers zero in on how damage occurs
A case-control study of reaction time deficits in a 3D virtual reality in patients with Post-COVID syndrome
A case-control study of reaction time deficits in a 3D virtual reality in patients with Post-COVID syndrome
“A case-control study of reaction time deficits in a 3D virtual reality in patients with Post-COVID syndrome”
A case-control study of reaction time deficits in a 3D virtual reality in patients with Post-COVID syndrome
·nature.com·
A case-control study of reaction time deficits in a 3D virtual reality in patients with Post-COVID syndrome
Studies re Long Covid insist on stating the % of people who succumb to this sequelae. I’ve seen incident rates from 3.5% up to 38% (after 3rd infection).
Studies re Long Covid insist on stating the % of people who succumb to this sequelae. I’ve seen incident rates from 3.5% up to 38% (after 3rd infection).

“GreyBut what every single one of these studies fail to mention is that the reduction in grey matter occurs in 100% of individuals"

A thread with studies:

·x.com·
Studies re Long Covid insist on stating the % of people who succumb to this sequelae. I’ve seen incident rates from 3.5% up to 38% (after 3rd infection).
Covid damages the frontal lobe of the brain.
Covid damages the frontal lobe of the brain.

It’s not “empathy burnout.” It’s Covid brain damage. From neuropathologist: “Covid damages the frontal lobe of the brain.

Many areas of the frontal lobe are essential to the execution of empathy.

Most people are on their 3rd/4th+ infection/s already.

But it’s ‘empathy burnout”’

At least they’re recognising the loss of function I suppose. Many can’t.”

·x.com·
Covid damages the frontal lobe of the brain.
Limbic system damage following SARS-CoV2 infection | Brain Communications | Oxford Academic
Limbic system damage following SARS-CoV2 infection | Brain Communications | Oxford Academic

Limbic system damage from Covid:

SARS-CoV-2 is a neurotropic virus that may cause long-term neurological symptoms by damaging the limbic system.

This research shows that COVID-19 can impair emotion recognition, memory, and olfactory abilities, with altered brain connectivity patterns.

·academic.oup.com·
Limbic system damage following SARS-CoV2 infection | Brain Communications | Oxford Academic
Ugh. The more we learn about it, the uglier it looks.
Ugh. The more we learn about it, the uglier it looks.

“Ugh. The more we learn about it, the uglier it looks.

This, again, speaks to my point about tail risk in an emergent situation: it’s at least as bad as it looks. It may be worse.

We are badly underestimating the consequences of delayed risk. It’s a reckless approach. (1/)”

·x.com·
Ugh. The more we learn about it, the uglier it looks.
SARS-CoV-2 Invasion and Pathological Links to Prion Disease
SARS-CoV-2 Invasion and Pathological Links to Prion Disease

Nearly half of those infected with SARS-CoV-2 experience long-term neurological problems, including brain fog and memory issues.

An infection may accelerate or exacerbate prion diseases like Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, leading to rapid neurodegeneration.

·mdpi.com·
SARS-CoV-2 Invasion and Pathological Links to Prion Disease
Worse, most people don’t even notice it has happened to themselves.
Worse, most people don’t even notice it has happened to themselves.

“Worse, most people don’t even notice it has happened to themselves.

But I can tell you we who continue to mask and have many fewer COVID infections can see the growing cognitive damage in more and more people around us.

Memory problems, like recall and word finding delays. Weakness and fatigue and motor control impairment. Growing executive function and emotional regulation deficits.

More and more friends disables and forced out of work or school by Long COVID symptoms.

It’s scary to witness the broad societal decline, and dispiriting to see so many governments and Public Health agencies persist in minimizing the growing problem.”

·x.com·
Worse, most people don’t even notice it has happened to themselves.
Can I reassert that with SARS-CoV-2 induced brain damage, it won’t be a lessening of intellect that you’ll be seeing first, but behavioural changes such as disinhibition, emotional lability, risk taking & impulsivity.
Can I reassert that with SARS-CoV-2 induced brain damage, it won’t be a lessening of intellect that you’ll be seeing first, but behavioural changes such as disinhibition, emotional lability, risk taking & impulsivity.

“Can I reassert that with SARS-CoV-2 induced brain damage, it won’t be a lessening of intellect that you’ll be seeing first, but behavioural changes such as disinhibition, emotional lability, risk taking & impulsivity.

Frontal lobe damage impairs behavioural regulation.” Thread:

·x.com·
Can I reassert that with SARS-CoV-2 induced brain damage, it won’t be a lessening of intellect that you’ll be seeing first, but behavioural changes such as disinhibition, emotional lability, risk taking & impulsivity.
Cognitive profile following COVID-19 infection: Clinical predictors leading to neuropsychological impairment
Cognitive profile following COVID-19 infection: Clinical predictors leading to neuropsychological impairment

Covid itself causes cognitive impairment. From 2020, prior to Covid vaccination of any kind:

“In our cohort of COVID-19 patients neurologic manifestations were frequent, including cognitive impairment.”

·sciencedirect.com·
Cognitive profile following COVID-19 infection: Clinical predictors leading to neuropsychological impairment
COVID survivors may develop dementia
COVID survivors may develop dementia

“COVID-19 survivors show signs of significant cognitive deficits which could become dementia even a year after having the virus.. The team [in India] found that more than 80% of people tested reported at least one of four symptoms – depression, anxiety, stress and insomnia – ranging from mild to severe.. At least 6.1% of the patients were diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment and 4% developed dementia. More than 60% of the patients experienced a loss of taste and smell during the active phase of the infection. This could alter the function of brain areas linked to cognitive ability and emotional well-being.."

COVID-19 survivors show signs of significant cognitive deficits which could become dementia even a year after having the virus1. They also have an increased risk of depression, anxiety and disrupted sleep.
·nature.com·
COVID survivors may develop dementia
Recorded this video on the microscope yesterday. A single infected cell arrives on the brain inside a blood vessel. Don't underestimate how much neuroinflammation one infected cell can cause.
Recorded this video on the microscope yesterday. A single infected cell arrives on the brain inside a blood vessel. Don't underestimate how much neuroinflammation one infected cell can cause.

“Recorded this video on the microscope yesterday. A single #SARSCoV2 infected cell arrives on the brain inside a blood vessel. Don't underestimate how much neuroinflammation one infected cell can cause. Brain-vascular-immune interface is the future of neuroscience #NeuroCovid”

·x.com·
Recorded this video on the microscope yesterday. A single infected cell arrives on the brain inside a blood vessel. Don't underestimate how much neuroinflammation one infected cell can cause.