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Cognitive deficits after COVID-19 associated with brain injury biomarkers and volume loss
Cognitive deficits after COVID-19 associated with brain injury biomarkers and volume loss

“Cognitive deficits after COVID-19 associated with brain injury biomarkers and volume loss”

The study found that patients hospitalized with COVID-19, both with and without acute neurological complications, had worse cognitive scores than expected for their age, sex, and education level. These cognitive deficits were observed across all cognitive domains tested. The cognitive impairment was associated with increased levels of brain injury biomarkers in the blood and reduced volume of a specific brain region (the anterior cingulate cortex) on MRI scans. Factors like the severity of the initial COVID-19 illness and the presence of acute confusion (encephalopathy) were linked to the worst cognitive scores.

Cognitive deficits after COVID-19 associated with brain injury biomarkers and volume loss
·openread.academy·
Cognitive deficits after COVID-19 associated with brain injury biomarkers and volume loss
Cross-Section of Neurological Manifestations Among SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Subvariants—Single-Center Study
Cross-Section of Neurological Manifestations Among SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Subvariants—Single-Center Study

“The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 presents a wide spectrum of neurological manifestations."

"Although there is an improvement in the survival rate of patients with COVID-19, the frequency of neurological manifestations increases."

"The occurrence of delirium, cerebrovascular diseases, and ischemic stroke results in higher mortality."

·mdpi.com·
Cross-Section of Neurological Manifestations Among SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Subvariants—Single-Center Study
Brain-wide alterations revealed by spatial transcriptomics and proteomics in COVID-19 infection
Brain-wide alterations revealed by spatial transcriptomics and proteomics in COVID-19 infection
“We identified dysregulation of mitochondrial and synaptic pathways in deep-layer excitatory neurons and upregulation of neuroinflammation in glia, consistent across both mRNA and protein. Remarkably, these alterations overlapped substantially with changes in age-related neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease”
We identified dysregulation of mitochondrial and synaptic pathways in deep-layer excitatory neurons and upregulation of neuroinflammation in glia, consistent across both mRNA and protein. Remarkably, these alterations overlapped substantially with changes in age-related neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease
·nature.com·
Brain-wide alterations revealed by spatial transcriptomics and proteomics in COVID-19 infection
Posthospitalization COVID-19 cognitive deficits at 1 year are global and associated with elevated brain injury markers and gray matter volume reduction - PubMed
Posthospitalization COVID-19 cognitive deficits at 1 year are global and associated with elevated brain injury markers and gray matter volume reduction - PubMed
“Posthospitalization COVID-19 cognitive deficits at 1 year are global and associated with elevated brain injury markers and gray matter volume reduction”
Posthospitalization
·pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov·
Posthospitalization COVID-19 cognitive deficits at 1 year are global and associated with elevated brain injury markers and gray matter volume reduction - PubMed
If you’re not noticing the (obvious) cognitive impairment in practically everyone around you, it may be due to your own cognitive decline.
If you’re not noticing the (obvious) cognitive impairment in practically everyone around you, it may be due to your own cognitive decline.

“If you’re not noticing the (obvious) cognitive impairment in practically everyone around you, it may be due to your own cognitive decline.

Or denial is rearing its ugly head once again.

Perhaps it’s easier for me considering my background, but honestly, it’s so bloody palpable.”

·x.com·
If you’re not noticing the (obvious) cognitive impairment in practically everyone around you, it may be due to your own cognitive decline.
Ugh. The more we learn about it, the uglier it looks.
Ugh. The more we learn about it, the uglier it looks.

“Ugh. The more we learn about it, the uglier it looks.

This, again, speaks to my point about tail risk in an emergent situation: it’s at least as bad as it looks. It may be worse.

We are badly underestimating the consequences of delayed risk. It’s a reckless approach. (1/)”

·x.com·
Ugh. The more we learn about it, the uglier it looks.
Worse, most people don’t even notice it has happened to themselves.
Worse, most people don’t even notice it has happened to themselves.

“Worse, most people don’t even notice it has happened to themselves.

But I can tell you we who continue to mask and have many fewer COVID infections can see the growing cognitive damage in more and more people around us.

Memory problems, like recall and word finding delays. Weakness and fatigue and motor control impairment. Growing executive function and emotional regulation deficits.

More and more friends disables and forced out of work or school by Long COVID symptoms.

It’s scary to witness the broad societal decline, and dispiriting to see so many governments and Public Health agencies persist in minimizing the growing problem.”

·x.com·
Worse, most people don’t even notice it has happened to themselves.
Can I reassert that with SARS-CoV-2 induced brain damage, it won’t be a lessening of intellect that you’ll be seeing first, but behavioural changes such as disinhibition, emotional lability, risk taking & impulsivity.
Can I reassert that with SARS-CoV-2 induced brain damage, it won’t be a lessening of intellect that you’ll be seeing first, but behavioural changes such as disinhibition, emotional lability, risk taking & impulsivity.

“Can I reassert that with SARS-CoV-2 induced brain damage, it won’t be a lessening of intellect that you’ll be seeing first, but behavioural changes such as disinhibition, emotional lability, risk taking & impulsivity.

Frontal lobe damage impairs behavioural regulation.” Thread:

·x.com·
Can I reassert that with SARS-CoV-2 induced brain damage, it won’t be a lessening of intellect that you’ll be seeing first, but behavioural changes such as disinhibition, emotional lability, risk taking & impulsivity.
Cognitive profile following COVID-19 infection: Clinical predictors leading to neuropsychological impairment
Cognitive profile following COVID-19 infection: Clinical predictors leading to neuropsychological impairment

Covid itself causes cognitive impairment. From 2020, prior to Covid vaccination of any kind:

“In our cohort of COVID-19 patients neurologic manifestations were frequent, including cognitive impairment.”

·sciencedirect.com·
Cognitive profile following COVID-19 infection: Clinical predictors leading to neuropsychological impairment
COVID survivors may develop dementia
COVID survivors may develop dementia

“COVID-19 survivors show signs of significant cognitive deficits which could become dementia even a year after having the virus.. The team [in India] found that more than 80% of people tested reported at least one of four symptoms – depression, anxiety, stress and insomnia – ranging from mild to severe.. At least 6.1% of the patients were diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment and 4% developed dementia. More than 60% of the patients experienced a loss of taste and smell during the active phase of the infection. This could alter the function of brain areas linked to cognitive ability and emotional well-being.."

COVID-19 survivors show signs of significant cognitive deficits which could become dementia even a year after having the virus1. They also have an increased risk of depression, anxiety and disrupted sleep.
·nature.com·
COVID survivors may develop dementia
Pioneering discovery and therapeutics at the brain-vascular-immune interface
Pioneering discovery and therapeutics at the brain-vascular-immune interface

A new paper in Cell, “Pioneering discovery and therapeutics at the brain-vascular-immune interface,” describes COVID-19 as a neurological disease alongside multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s, stroke and traumatic brain injury.

“COVID-19 can accelerate progression of dementia and induce BBB disruption and inflammatory blood clots causally linked with neuroinflammation and neuronal loss.8 In neurodevelopmental disorders, prematurity and perinatal hypoxia that trigger brain hemorrhage and BBB disruption are risk factors for cerebral palsy, intellectual disability, and autism. Collectively, these risk factors highlight the interconnected vascular and immune triggers of neurological diseases.”

·cell.com·
Pioneering discovery and therapeutics at the brain-vascular-immune interface
COVID-19 related cognitive, structural and functional brain changes among Italian adolescents and young adults: a multimodal longitudinal case-control study
COVID-19 related cognitive, structural and functional brain changes among Italian adolescents and young adults: a multimodal longitudinal case-control study
“COVID-19 related cognitive, structural and functional brain changes among Italian adolescents and young adults: a multimodal longitudinal case-control study”
·nature.com·
COVID-19 related cognitive, structural and functional brain changes among Italian adolescents and young adults: a multimodal longitudinal case-control study
Driving Under the Cognitive Influence of COVID-19: Exploring the Impact of Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection on Road Safety | Neurology
Driving Under the Cognitive Influence of COVID-19: Exploring the Impact of Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection on Road Safety | Neurology
"The study suggests that acute COVID-19, regardless of Long COVID status, is linked to an increased risk of car crashes presumably due to neurologic changes caused by SARS-CoV-2."
·neurology.org·
Driving Under the Cognitive Influence of COVID-19: Exploring the Impact of Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection on Road Safety | Neurology
Severe Covid infections can inflame brain’s ‘control centre’, research says
Severe Covid infections can inflame brain’s ‘control centre’, research says
“Severe Covid infections can drive inflammation in the brain’s ‘control centre’ researchers say, leading to damage that may explain the long-term breathlessness, fatigue and anxiety some patients experience.
·theguardian.com·
Severe Covid infections can inflame brain’s ‘control centre’, research says
Whoopi Goldberg Commiserates With Fellow-Covid Sufferer Joe Biden: “Sometimes I Go For A Word And It’s Not There”
Whoopi Goldberg Commiserates With Fellow-Covid Sufferer Joe Biden: “Sometimes I Go For A Word And It’s Not There”

Whoopi Goldberg, who just had her 4th COVID infection, joked about her post infection brain damage on TV.

“I’m just getting over COVID – again – and I can barely remember anybody’s name. There are times when I go for a word and it’s not there.”

·deadline.com·
Whoopi Goldberg Commiserates With Fellow-Covid Sufferer Joe Biden: “Sometimes I Go For A Word And It’s Not There”
Emerging signs of Alzheimer‐like tau hyperphosphorylation and neuroinflammation in the brain post recovery from COVID‐19
Emerging signs of Alzheimer‐like tau hyperphosphorylation and neuroinflammation in the brain post recovery from COVID‐19
Emerging signs of Alzheimer’s-like pathology in brains if people recovered from COVID-19, even though no direct SARS-CoV-2 invasion was detected
·onlinelibrary.wiley.com·
Emerging signs of Alzheimer‐like tau hyperphosphorylation and neuroinflammation in the brain post recovery from COVID‐19
Study shows that COVID-19 causes cognitive decline among those without long COVID symptoms
Study shows that COVID-19 causes cognitive decline among those without long COVID symptoms
“A new study in eClinicalMedicine has found that healthy volunteers infected with SARS-CoV-2 had measurably worse cognitive function for up to a year after infection when compared to uninfected controls. Significantly, infected controls did not report any symptoms related to these cognitive deficits, indicating that they were unaware of them.”
A new study in eClinicalMedicine has found that healthy volunteers infected with SARS-CoV-2 had measurably worse cognitive function for up to a year after infection when compared to uninfected controls. Significantly, infected controls did not report any symptoms related to these cognitive deficits, indicating that they were unaware of them. The net effect is that potentially billions of people worldwide with a his
·wsws.org·
Study shows that COVID-19 causes cognitive decline among those without long COVID symptoms
Covid Brain
Covid Brain
“But this week 2 new publications have substantially added to our understanding of the extent that Covid can impair cognitive function across the full gamut— from young, healthy individuals with mild infections to older, hospitalized patients with severe Covid.”
·erictopol.substack.com·
Covid Brain
Long COVID is not the same for everyone: a hierarchical cluster analysis of Long COVID symptoms 9 and 12 months after SARS-CoV-2 test - BMC Infectious Diseases
Long COVID is not the same for everyone: a hierarchical cluster analysis of Long COVID symptoms 9 and 12 months after SARS-CoV-2 test - BMC Infectious Diseases
“Our results suggest that Long COVID is not the same for everyone.”
Our results suggest that Long COVID is not the same for everyone.
·bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com·
Long COVID is not the same for everyone: a hierarchical cluster analysis of Long COVID symptoms 9 and 12 months after SARS-CoV-2 test - BMC Infectious Diseases
Cognitive and psychiatric symptom trajectories 2–3 years after hospital admission for COVID-19: a longitudinal, prospective cohort study in the UK
Cognitive and psychiatric symptom trajectories 2–3 years after hospital admission for COVID-19: a longitudinal, prospective cohort study in the UK
“Participants had worse cognitive scores than would be expected on the basis of their sociodemographic characteristics across all cognitive domains tested (average score 0·71 SD below the mean [IQR 0·16–1·04]; p<0·0001). Most participants reported at least mild depression (263 [74·5%] of 353), anxiety (189 [53·5%] of 353), fatigue (220 [62·3%] of 353), or subjective cognitive decline (184 [52·1%] of 353), and more than a fifth reported severe depression (79 [22·4%] of 353), fatigue (87 [24·6%] of 353), or subjective cognitive decline (88 [24·9%] of 353). Depression, anxiety, and fatigue were worse at 2–3 years than at 6 months or 12 months, with evidence of both worsening of existing symptoms and emergence of new symptoms. Symptoms at 2–3 years were not predicted by the severity of acute COVID-19 illness, but were strongly predicted by the degree of recovery at 6 months”
Participants had worse cognitive scores than would be expected on the basis of their sociodemographic characteristics across all cognitive domains tested (average score 0·71 SD below the mean [IQR 0·16–1·04]; p<0·0001). Most participants reported at least mild depression (263 [74·5%] of 353), anxiety (189 [53·5%] of 353), fatigue (220 [62·3%] of 353), or subjective cognitive decline (184 [52·1%] of 353), and more than a fifth reported severe depression (79 [22·4%] of 353), fatigue (87 [24·6%] of 353), or subjective cognitive decline (88 [24·9%] of 353). Depression, anxiety, and fatigue were worse at 2–3 years than at 6 months or 12 months, with evidence of both worsening of existing symptoms and emergence of new symptoms. Symptoms at 2–3 years were not predicted by the severity of acute COVID-19 illness, but were strongly predicted by the degree of recovery at 6 months
·thelancet.com·
Cognitive and psychiatric symptom trajectories 2–3 years after hospital admission for COVID-19: a longitudinal, prospective cohort study in the UK
Neurological complications caused by SARS-CoV-2
Neurological complications caused by SARS-CoV-2

Very comprehensive evaluation of known neurological damage from SarsCov2:

“The pathogenesis of neurological disorders caused by SARS-CoV-2 involves several mechanisms. First, SARS-CoV-2 could enter the brain through retrograde transmission & hematogenous routes & disrupt brain function & structure, thus causing or exacerbating neurological disorders…”

·journals.asm.org·
Neurological complications caused by SARS-CoV-2