Glycan recognition by collectin-11 drives SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and membrane injury of respiratory epithelial cells
“These insights provide a strong rationale for CL-11 blockade to reduce SARS-CoV-2 infection and injury of the respiratory tract.”
Covid and the Immune System
SARS-CoV-2 awakens ancient retroviral genes and the expression of proinflammatory HERV-W envelope protein in COVID-19 patients
“Patients with COVID-19 may develop abnormal inflammatory response, followed in some cases by severe disease and long-lasting syndromes. We show here that in vitro exposure to SARS-CoV-2 activates the expression of the human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) HERV-W proinflammatory envelope protein (ENV) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a subset of healthy donors, in ACE2 receptor and infection-independent manner.”
The Kaposi’s Sarcoma Spike
China allows use of HIV drug for adults with Covid-19
COVID-19 Hijacking of the Host Epigenome: Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Long-Term Consequences
COVID hacks our gene switches, worsening infection and sparking long(-term) COVID inflammation.
➡️"There is a growing body of evidence pointing towards the diverse roles of epigenetic alterations in COVID-19 severity." ➡️"The pathogenesis of COVID-19 extends far beyond the initial viral infection, revealing a complex and dynamic interplay between SARS-CoV-2 and the host."
I checked labs on a young patient this am who I suspected was immune damaged after the last five years
“I checked labs on a young patient this am who I suspected was immune damaged after the last five years
His immune cells looked like it was HIV/AIDS, yet he was HIV negative
I am doing this weekly. No other doctor in the hospital is checking
This is why I sounded the alarm a few weeks ago
PCPs must brush up on immunology”
Frontiers | Distinct characteristics of T cell receptor repertoire associated with the SARS-CoV-2 reinfection
New research shows SARS2 reinfection doesn’t “boost” your immunity - it narrows it. Each infection further imprints and restricts your T-cell diversity, making your immune response less adaptable over time.
Frontiers | Immune cell communication networks and memory CD8+ T cell signatures sustaining chronic inflammation in COVID-19 and Long COVID
Researchers analyzed 73,000 immune cells from COVID-19 patients.
They found that memory CD8+ T cells stay overactive and exhausted long after infection, keeping the immune system in a low-grade inflammatory state that may drive Long COVID.
In vitro complement activation via nucleocapsid and spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 patients
The N protein may play a larger role than spike in severe immune overreactions.
Thread by @1goodtern on Thread Reader App
“Do Covid infections make you vulnerable to other infections, and if so - how, and for how long, and is it getting worse.”
Thread by @AbudBakri on Thread Reader App
“You’re going to see a lot of immune failure and weird infections in young people over the next 5-10 years
It will start to pickup significantly in 2026”
You’re going to see a lot of immune failure and weird infections in young people over the next 5-10 years
It will start to pickup significantly in 2026
Postacute COVID-19 is Characterized by Gut Viral Antigen Persistence in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
SARS-COV2 COVID at least temporarily causes lymphocytopenia (including T cells) immune suppression. The virus has been found to infect CD8 T cells. HIV AIDS is typically defined by CD4 T cell destruction. This study found COVID infected CD8 T cells.
Autoantibodies in long COVID: a systematic review
Plan for a world of post-COVID immune effects
“The average person’s immune system looks different than it did in 2019. We’re walking around with more inflammation, and with immune systems that don’t work quite as well as they did in the beforetimes”
Why scientists are rethinking the immune effects of SARS-CoV-2
Covid weakens your immune system. You are less likely to fight off pathogens and that is why you are “always sick”. '“There has definitely been a change in the character of the immune response since 2019,” says Tim Henrich, immunologist and senior author of the study. “It’s certainly impacting our immune health, and probably our overall health as well.”'
SARS-CoV-2 infection induces ZBP1-dependent PANoptosis in bystander cells | PNAS
Multiple sclerosis and COVID-19: interactions and unresolved issues
“Serious symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 complications are particular concerns for people with multiple sclerosis, especially those receiving immunosuppressants or immunomodulators.”
SARS-CoV-2 and HIV-1: So Different yet so Alike. Immune Response at the Cellular and Molecular Level
SARS-CoV-2 and HIV-1 both cause CD4⁺ T cell loss, cytokine storms, and immune exhaustion.
Shared mechanisms—like pyroptosis and inhibitory receptor upregulation—suggest overlapping therapeutic targets.
Rogue, Errant Antibodies Hit COVID Patients - The Crewe-Burkeville Journal
Dynamics of neutralizing antibodies against COVID-19 Omicron subvariants following breakthrough infection in southwest China between December 2022 and April 2024
Prior human endemic coronavirus exposure does not affect humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 protein vaccines
“We included measurement of pre-existing immunity to human endemic coronaviruses (HCoV) in a Phase I/II study of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein vaccine candidates. A Binding Antibody Multiplex Assay measured HCoV-specific IgG to the receptor binding domain or full-length spike of human coronaviruses HKU1, 229E, NL63, and OC43. We found no evidence for the impact of HCoV antibodies on neutralizing and binding antibody responses to the candidate SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.”
Why Some People Are Naturally Immune to COVID-19 and Other Viruses - discoverwildscience
“In the midst of the global pandemic, a curious phenomenon has emerged: some individuals seem to evade the grips of COVID-19 entirely, even when exposed. This mysterious resilience has sparked a wave of scientific curiosity and investigation. Could it be that some people are naturally immune to COVID-19 and other viruses? As we delve into this intriguing topic, we unravel the complex interplay of genetics, environment, and immune system dynamics that may hold the key to this enigma.”
emClinical & Translational Immunology/em | ASI Journal | Wiley Online Library
“In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that immunomodulatory changes in both myeloid and lymphoid cells can persist for up to 17 months following COVID-19, even in individuals who experienced only MILD illness.”m
Comprehensive molecular characterization of post-COVID condition: immunoglobulin suppression and persistent SARS-CoV-2 antigens as key pathophysiological drivers
Study analyzed blood from 65 Long COVID patients & found reduced immunoglobulin levels and persistent SARS‑CoV‑2 antigens (spike and nucleocapsid proteins). They used targeted mass spectrometry to measure SARS‑CoV‑2 spike & nucleocapsid proteins in plasma specifically
SARS-CoV-2 nsp15 enhances viral virulence by subverting host antiviral defenses | PNAS
another way Covid weakens our interferon responses so it can invade our brains:
Variants with nsp15 endoribonuclease activity exhibit stronger replication in the respiratory tract, enabling neuroinvasion and causing more severe disease.
Transfer of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein to uninfected epithelial cells induces antibody-mediated complement deposition
does covid damage your immune system
“COVID-19 disrupts immune system function, leading to both acute damage and long-term dysregulation.
The infection is associated with severe lymphopenia, particularly affecting T cells and natural killer cells, which can persist long after recovery.”
Thread by @drseanmullen on Thread Reader App
“I’ve been accused of being ‘hyperbolic’ for comparing Covid to AIDS. So let’s talk immune damage. With citations. 🧵”
Study says original COVID-19 vaccination did not stop immune system from fighting variants
“Prior COVID-19 vaccination did not stop the immune system from mounting a protective response to the Delta and Omicron strains, though new mutation-specific antibody production dipped slightly, according to a study led by researchers at the University of Arizona Health Sciences and published in Nature Immunology.”
Research: COVID Virus Turns Fighters Into Suppressors
New research from Johns Hopkins finds that white blood cells may be altered by SARS2 to cease their normal function of destroying pathogens in the body and, instead, significantly inhibit other immune cells critical for fighting the virus