Part 1 of 2
“Part 1 of 2 LaughterinLight PhD is a biomedical researcher, immunologist
- Answering: Can you explain the difference between how COVID affects your immune system vs how HIV affects it? * Feb 2024”
Chronic Viral Reactivation and Associated Host Immune Response and Clinical Outcomes in Acute COVID-19 and Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19
Study in the US followed 1,154 hospitalized COVID-19 patients for 12 months.
It found reactivation of latent viruses like EBV and CMV during acute COVID-19.
Persistent reactivation of certain viruses correlated with Long COVID symptoms.
This is what a yeast infection in your blood looks like under the microscope. I don't have to tell you how bad this is. As more & more people are repeatedly infected by SARS-CoV-2, wreaking havoc on their immune systems, we will see more & more of these type of infections. 🚫🦠😷
“This is what a yeast infection in your blood looks like under the microscope. I don't have to tell you how bad this is. As more & more people are repeatedly infected by SARS-CoV-2, wreaking havoc on their immune systems, we will see more & more of these type of infections.”
Looks like Yale school of public health has finally started to say what I have been repeatedly saying since 2020
“Looks like Yale school of public health has finally started to say what I have been repeatedly saying since 2020
1) covid creates longlasting autoimmunity by harming t regs 2) harms adaptive immunity 3) causes immune dysregulation 4) persists etc”
Frontiers | Cytokine Storm in COVID-19: The Current Evidence and Treatment Strategies
COVID-19 can cause a severe immune response known as a cytokine storm, leading to poor prognosis and potentially fatal outcomes.
The virus triggers excessive infiltration of immune cells, such as macrophages and T-helper 17 cells.
SARS-CoV-2 can trigger an overactive immune response, leading to the release of large amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
“SARS-CoV-2 can trigger an overactive immune response, leading to the release of large amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
This excessive cytokine release can cause widespread inflammation, leading to damage in various organs, including the lungs, heart, and kidneys.”
SARS-CoV-2 'steals' our proteins to protect itself from the immune system, study reveals
SARS-CoV-2 'steals' our proteins to protect itself from the immune system, study reveals
This is happening. Even in mild cases. My last infection in March my only symptoms were migraines. I had mild Covid and my CD8 T cells are hyper-activated and my CD4 are on the low end of normal
“This is happening. Even in mild cases. My last infection in March my only symptoms were migraines. I had mild Covid and my CD8 T cells are hyper-activated and my CD4 are on the low end of normal”
Severe COVID-19 may lead to long-term innate immune system changes
Severe COVID-19 can cause persistent alterations in the innate immune system, leading to high levels of inflammation even after recovery.
Changes in gene expression in blood-forming stem cells were found, which were passed down to immune cells.
A ji ljm sq ij
accelerated immunosenescence in CD4 and especially CD8 T-cell compartments may represent a common and unique outcome of SARS-CoV2 infection", not seen in the flu-like illnesses analysed in the same study
Rapid progression of CD8 and CD4 T cells to cellular exhaustion and senescence during SARS-CoV2 infection | Journal of Leukocyte Biology | Oxford Academic
COVID-19 rapidly increases senescent and exhausted T cells, particularly CD4 and CD8 T cells.
Both mild and severe COVID-19 cases showed increased markers of T-cell exhaustion and senescence with more pronounced changes in severe cases.
Getting COVID-19 Could Weaken Your Immune System
“Even relatively easy bouts with COVID-19 can still take a toll on the immune system, according to a paper published…in the journal Immunity—particularly on T-cells, which provide long term and durable protection against viruses.”
Even relatively easy bouts with COVID-19 can still take a toll on the immune system, according to a paper published Mar. 15 in the journal Immunity—particularly on T-cells, which provide long term and durable protection against viruses.
Immune Parallels: HIV/AIDS & Long COVID’s Lasting Impact
“Immune Parallels: HIV/AIDS & Long COVID’s Lasting Impact
HIV/AIDS & COVID-19, particularly long COVID, share several significant similarities, especially in terms of viral persistence, T cell damage, immune system dysfunction, & activation of other pathogens. These parallels are important for understanding the long-term effects of both infections and their impact on the immune system…” A thread:
Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis... : Journal of Preventive, Diagnostic and Treatment Strategies in Medicine
“the COVID-19 pandemic may lead to a spike in the incidence of active TB.”tuber
the COVID-19 pandemic may lead to a spike in the incidence of active TB.
Studies pinpoint immune cells and proteins linked to long COVID
“In the blood of the long COVID patients, the team [at the University of Alberta] found higher levels of various proteins related to systemic inflammation—especially galectin-9 and artemin.. higher levels of galectin-9 in patients are associated with increased inflammation and brain fog.. higher levels of artemin are associated with widespread pain, more severe pain and cognitive impairment.. galectin-9 is shed by stressed neutrophils—the most abundant white blood cells—in long COVID patients. This released galectin-9 can promote chronic inflammation by affecting various immune cells.. long COVID dysregulates the production of red blood cells, which results in an abundance of immature red blood cells in the blood of these patients. Normally, immature red blood cells are present in the bone marrow but not in the blood of healthy people. It is these immature red blood cells in the blood that suppress the immune system and contribute to the elevation of artemin in the plasma of long-COVID patients."
Thread by @Friesein on Thread Reader App
“COVID increases the risk of secondary infections by impairing mucosal clearance.”
COVID increases the risk of secondary infections by impairing mucosal clearance.
How Covid virus defeats body’s immune response - Yes Punjab News
Japanese researchers discovered that SARS-CoV-2, carries an enzyme that can act against a cell’s innate defence mechanism against viruses making it more infectious than previous SARS and MERS causing viruses.
This is the 5th year of the pandemic in the Let It Rip Kingdom of Sweden. Everyone is constantly reinfected with the immune damaging SARS-CoV-2.
“This is the 5th year of the pandemic in the Let It Rip Kingdom of Sweden. Everyone is constantly reinfected with the immune damaging SARS-CoV-2.
Respiratory virus/bacteria infections like Rhino/Enterovirus, Adenovirus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae or Pertussis are skyrocketing.
🧵1/“
An important paper!
“An important paper!
We keep focusing on Spike protein-only vaccines -> to our peril
It’s the 1 protein w the #1 MOST reasons to mutate!
Many parts of the virus also drive robust immune protection
Tmrws vaccines should focus on non-Spike to reduce variant immune evasion”
Missing immune cells may explain why COVID-19 vaccine protection quickly wanes
“Neither vaccinations nor immunity from infections seem to thwart SARS-CoV-2 for long. The frequency of new infections within a few months of a previous bout or a shot is one of COVID-19’s most vexing puzzles. Now, scientists have learned that a little-known type of immune cell in the bone marrow may play a major role in this failure.
The study, which appeared last month in Nature Medicine, found that people who received repeated doses of vaccine, and in some cases also became infected with SARS-CoV-2, largely failed to make special antibody-producing cells called long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs). “
Neither vaccinations nor immunity from infections seem to thwart SARS-CoV-2 for long. The frequency of new infections within a few months of a previous bout or a shot is one of COVID-19’s most vexing puzzles. Now, scientists have learned that a little-known type of immune cell in the bone marrow may play a major role in this failure.
The study, which appeared last month in Nature Medicine, found that people who received repeated doses of vaccine, and in some cases also became infected with SARS-CoV-2, largely failed to make special antibody-producing cells called long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs).
Missing immune cells may explain why COVID-19 vaccine protection quickly wanes
“Neither (MRNA) vaccinations nor immunity from infections seem to thwart SARS-CoV-2 for long. The frequency of new infections within a few months of a previous bout or a shot is one of COVID-19’s most vexing puzzles. Now, scientists have learned that a little-known type of immune cell in the bone marrow may play a major role in this failure.
The study, which appeared last month in Nature Medicine, found that people who received repeated doses of vaccine, and in some cases also became infected with SARS-CoV-2, largely failed to make special antibody-producing cells called long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs).
All study participants had received between two to five doses of messenger RNA (mRNA) COVID-19 vaccines—which code for SARS-CoV-2’s spike—during the preceding 3 years.
Neither vaccinations nor immunity from infections seem to thwart SARS-CoV-2 for long. The frequency of new infections within a few months of a previous bout or a shot is one of COVID-19’s most vexing puzzles. Now, scientists have learned that a little-known type of immune cell in the bone marrow may play a major role in this failure.
The study, which appeared last month in Nature Medicine, found that people who received repeated doses of vaccine, and in some cases also became infected with SARS-CoV-2, largely failed to make special antibody-producing cells called long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs).
"Immunity debt" is not a thing
“Immunity debt — the idea that our immune systems become weak if we're not exposed to pathogens — isn't a real thing”
Over but not gone: lingering epigenetic effects of COVID-19
“Long COVID’ affects nearly one in five adults who have had coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), yet the mechanisms underlying this disorder remain poorly understood. In a new study, Cheong et al. show that the epigenetic and transcriptional state of myeloid immune cells and their progenitors are durably altered in patients following severe COVID-19.”
"Long COVID, or post-acute COVID syndrome (PACS), is now estimated to occur in 19% of adults having presented with COVID-19..
“Long COVID, or post-acute COVID syndrome (PACS), is now estimated to occur in 19% of adults having presented with COVID-19.. PACS is believed to be caused by immunological changes that persist after acute infection. Furthermore, it is now increasingly recognized that these changes include not only those in the adaptive immune system, such as production of autoantibodies or autoreactive T cells due to molecular mimicry, but also those in the innate immune system.. A new study by Cheong et al. in Cell reveals crucial differences in the transcriptional and epigenetic state of innate immune cells and their progenitors [among PASC patients].. the study team demonstrated that myeloid cells and hematopoietic progenitor cells harbored transcriptional and chromatin accessibility changes that did not return to baseline even 1 year after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. These data provide powerful evidence that persistent changes (i.e., trained immunity) may underlie PACS..”
SARS-CoV-2-specific plasma cells are not durably established in the bone marrow long-lived compartment after mRNA vaccination
“SARS-CoV-2-specific plasma cells are not durably established in the bone marrow long-lived compartment after mRNA vaccination”
Long lived antibodies can be made in the bone marrow, the holy grail of vaccination. This is what happens after different time intervals after flu, tetanus and mRNA Covid vaccines. The box in purple is SARS-CoV-2 in the bone marrow. At months 2.5 and 14 they are empty.🧵
“SARS-CoV-2-specific plasma cells are not durably established in the bone marrow long-lived compartment after mRNA vaccination”
1840509111613505958
“Man given 12 months to live after headaches. It's glioblastoma.
@nypost will never share that CMV is airborne and causes glioblastoma.
90% of us have CMV. COVID dysregulates the immune system. So does CMV when reactivated.
COVID can reactivate CMV.”
Antiviral-resistant SARS-CoV-2 variants can emerge in immunocompromised people | Cornell Chronicle
“Antiviral-resistant SARS-CoV-2 variants can emerge in immunocompromised people”
In a recent interview, Fauci puts the C19 herd immunity fantasy to bed once and for all. No such thing can ever be achieved, due to lack of immune response durability
“In a recent interview, Fauci puts the C19 herd immunity fantasy to bed once and for all. No such thing can ever be achieved, due to lack of immune response durability”
How Your Immune System Actually Works
“There's a lot you can do to boost your immune system.
Getting sick isn't one of them.”