Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome correlation with SARS-CoV-2 N genotypes
How (multiple) COVID infections impact your immune system
Researchers discover new cause of cytokine storm in COVID-19
“RAAS, a hormone system that normally turns on and off to help regulate blood pressure, body fluids and electrolytes, is the spark that pushes the immune response into overdrive.”
Research Reveals COVID-19's Body-Wide Impact
“Notably, we also found that activation of RAAS caused substantial damage to the lymph nodes, which hasn't been shown in COVID-19 before," said Beheshti, who is also director of McGowan's Center for Space Biomedicine . "This could explain the long-lasting immune dysregulation seen in survivors of COVID-19 and may contribute to long COVID."
It's also possible that damage to lymph nodes could impair the immune system's ability to detect and destroy cancerous cells, which could potentially help explain the post-pandemic increase in cancer cases.”
Notably, we also found that activation of RAAS caused substantial damage to the lymph nodes, which hasn't been shown in COVID-19 before," said Beheshti, who is also director of McGowan's Center for Space Biomedicine . "This could explain the long-lasting immune dysregulation seen in survivors of COVID-19 and may contribute to long COVID."It's also possible that damage to lymph nodes could impair the immune system's ability to detect and destroy cancerous cells, which could potentially help explain the post-pandemic increase in cancer cases.
COVID-19 progression and convalescence in common variable immunodeficiency patients show dysregulated adaptive immune responses and persistent type I interferon and inflammasome activation
“COVID-19 progression and convalescence in common variable immunodeficiency patients show dysregulated adaptive immune responses and persistent type I interferon and inflammasome activation.
…Our results show a broad dysregulation of both the innate and the adaptive immunity systems during SARS-CoV-2 infection and subsequent recovery in CVID patients, which gives us a unique insight into the effects of a viral challenge on the different immune cells”
COVID’S EFFECT ON THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
“This is an excellent series of graphics from @YaleSPH explaining what we do (and don’t) know about Covid’s effect on the immune system.
Much of this is informed by the work of Dr. Akiko Iwasaki (@VirusesImmunity).”
Long COVID manifests with T cell dysregulation, inflammation and an uncoordinated adaptive immune response to SARS-CoV-2
“Long COVID manifests with T cell dysregulation, inflammation and an uncoordinated adaptive immune response to SARS-CoV-2”
Long COVID manifests with T cell dysregulation, inflammation and an uncoordinated adaptive immune response to SARS-CoV-2
SARS-CoV-2 hijacks cholesterol trafficking to fuel infection and evade immune responses
SARS-CoV-2 hijacks cholesterol trafficking to fuel infection and evade immune responses
SARS-CoV-2 hijacks cholesterol trafficking to fuel infection and evade immune responses
Part 1 of 2
“Part 1 of 2 LaughterinLight PhD is a biomedical researcher, immunologist
- Answering: Can you explain the difference between how COVID affects your immune system vs how HIV affects it? * Feb 2024”
This is what a yeast infection in your blood looks like under the microscope. I don't have to tell you how bad this is. As more & more people are repeatedly infected by SARS-CoV-2, wreaking havoc on their immune systems, we will see more & more of these type of infections. 🚫🦠😷
“This is what a yeast infection in your blood looks like under the microscope. I don't have to tell you how bad this is. As more & more people are repeatedly infected by SARS-CoV-2, wreaking havoc on their immune systems, we will see more & more of these type of infections.”
Looks like Yale school of public health has finally started to say what I have been repeatedly saying since 2020
“Looks like Yale school of public health has finally started to say what I have been repeatedly saying since 2020
1) covid creates longlasting autoimmunity by harming t regs 2) harms adaptive immunity 3) causes immune dysregulation 4) persists etc”
Frontiers | Cytokine Storm in COVID-19: The Current Evidence and Treatment Strategies
COVID-19 can cause a severe immune response known as a cytokine storm, leading to poor prognosis and potentially fatal outcomes.
The virus triggers excessive infiltration of immune cells, such as macrophages and T-helper 17 cells.
SARS-CoV-2 can trigger an overactive immune response, leading to the release of large amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
“SARS-CoV-2 can trigger an overactive immune response, leading to the release of large amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
This excessive cytokine release can cause widespread inflammation, leading to damage in various organs, including the lungs, heart, and kidneys.”
SARS-CoV-2 'steals' our proteins to protect itself from the immune system, study reveals
SARS-CoV-2 'steals' our proteins to protect itself from the immune system, study reveals
This is happening. Even in mild cases. My last infection in March my only symptoms were migraines. I had mild Covid and my CD8 T cells are hyper-activated and my CD4 are on the low end of normal
“This is happening. Even in mild cases. My last infection in March my only symptoms were migraines. I had mild Covid and my CD8 T cells are hyper-activated and my CD4 are on the low end of normal”
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accelerated immunosenescence in CD4 and especially CD8 T-cell compartments may represent a common and unique outcome of SARS-CoV2 infection", not seen in the flu-like illnesses analysed in the same study
Rapid progression of CD8 and CD4 T cells to cellular exhaustion and senescence during SARS-CoV2 infection | Journal of Leukocyte Biology | Oxford Academic
COVID-19 rapidly increases senescent and exhausted T cells, particularly CD4 and CD8 T cells.
Both mild and severe COVID-19 cases showed increased markers of T-cell exhaustion and senescence with more pronounced changes in severe cases.
Studies pinpoint immune cells and proteins linked to long COVID
“In the blood of the long COVID patients, the team [at the University of Alberta] found higher levels of various proteins related to systemic inflammation—especially galectin-9 and artemin.. higher levels of galectin-9 in patients are associated with increased inflammation and brain fog.. higher levels of artemin are associated with widespread pain, more severe pain and cognitive impairment.. galectin-9 is shed by stressed neutrophils—the most abundant white blood cells—in long COVID patients. This released galectin-9 can promote chronic inflammation by affecting various immune cells.. long COVID dysregulates the production of red blood cells, which results in an abundance of immature red blood cells in the blood of these patients. Normally, immature red blood cells are present in the bone marrow but not in the blood of healthy people. It is these immature red blood cells in the blood that suppress the immune system and contribute to the elevation of artemin in the plasma of long-COVID patients."
This is the 5th year of the pandemic in the Let It Rip Kingdom of Sweden. Everyone is constantly reinfected with the immune damaging SARS-CoV-2.
“This is the 5th year of the pandemic in the Let It Rip Kingdom of Sweden. Everyone is constantly reinfected with the immune damaging SARS-CoV-2.
Respiratory virus/bacteria infections like Rhino/Enterovirus, Adenovirus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae or Pertussis are skyrocketing.
🧵1/“
Over but not gone: lingering epigenetic effects of COVID-19
“Long COVID’ affects nearly one in five adults who have had coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), yet the mechanisms underlying this disorder remain poorly understood. In a new study, Cheong et al. show that the epigenetic and transcriptional state of myeloid immune cells and their progenitors are durably altered in patients following severe COVID-19.”
"Long COVID, or post-acute COVID syndrome (PACS), is now estimated to occur in 19% of adults having presented with COVID-19..
“Long COVID, or post-acute COVID syndrome (PACS), is now estimated to occur in 19% of adults having presented with COVID-19.. PACS is believed to be caused by immunological changes that persist after acute infection. Furthermore, it is now increasingly recognized that these changes include not only those in the adaptive immune system, such as production of autoantibodies or autoreactive T cells due to molecular mimicry, but also those in the innate immune system.. A new study by Cheong et al. in Cell reveals crucial differences in the transcriptional and epigenetic state of innate immune cells and their progenitors [among PASC patients].. the study team demonstrated that myeloid cells and hematopoietic progenitor cells harbored transcriptional and chromatin accessibility changes that did not return to baseline even 1 year after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. These data provide powerful evidence that persistent changes (i.e., trained immunity) may underlie PACS..”
Your immune system is a factory 🧵
Your immune system is a factory 🧵
T-cells are the essential workers.
SARS-CoV-2 -19 is a hacker that doesn't just disrupt operations from the outside.
It infiltrates the system and systematically lays off the workers (T-cells).
Postacute Sequelae of COVID (PASC or Long COVID): An Evidenced-Based Approach
“The ongoing immune dysregulation, biochemical abnormalities, and multiple phenotypes, affecting long Covid.
Tuberculosis in individuals who recovered from COVID-19: A systematic review of case reports | PLOS ONE
“Conclusion Tuberculosis after recovering from COVID-19 is becoming more common, potentially leading to a TB outbreak in the post-COVID-19 era. The immunosuppressive nature of the disease and its treatment modalities may contribute to post COVID-19 TB.”