The T cell immune response against SARS-CoV-2
80% of peripheral T cells die during SARS Cov 2 infection, with proliferation of 20% of the CD8 T cell pool
Fulltext
The bullwhip effect, T-cell telomeres, and SARS-CoV-2
Reduction and Functional Exhaustion of T Cells in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
“T cell counts are reduced significantly in COVID-19 patients, and the surviving T cells appear functionally exhausted.”
SARS-CoV-2 infection weakens immune-cell response to vaccination
"...these findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection damages the CD8+ T cell response, an effect akin to that observed in earlier studies showing long-term damage to the immune system after infection with viruses such as hepatitis C or HIV."
Immune systems seriously weakened by COVID
"...at least three studies show COVID-19 actually kills off a significant number of the body’s T-cells, so even when a someone recovers from COVID, they are at a heightened risk for other viral, bacterial and fungal infections."
SharonBC,Canada on Twitter
Part 1 of 2 A study which supports the theory of Immune DisRegulation. Dr Zacharey Rubin is a paediatric allergist and immunologist. He is on TikTok as @ rubin_allergy.
Anthony J Leonardi, MBBS, PhD on Twitter
Detailed analysis on Twitter: "As of now, people choose whether or not they have Long Covid based upon their symptoms
However, if most people, after mild infection have changes to their immune systems like reductions in plasmacytoid dendritic cells, without reporting symptoms, what should this be called?"
Accelerated biological aging in COVID-19 patients
the gravity of reinfecting Covid's immunity damage
Measles immunity amnesia is a one-off thing
Covid reinfects and the harm to the immune system is worse and easier to appreciate
T cells are aged
Single-cell multiomics revealed the dynamics of antigen presentation, immune response and T cell activation in the COVID-19 positive and recovered individuals
According to a new study, a subset of the naive T-cells from healthy individuals were absent from the recovered individuals. Both COVID19 positive patients & the recovered individuals exhibited a CD40-CD40LG-mediated inflammatory response in the monocytes and T-cell subsets
Longitudinal Analysis of COVID-19 Patients Shows Age-Associated T Cell Changes Independent of Ongoing Ill-Health
Study: “persistent T cell abnormalities in convalescent COVID-19 patients more than three months after initial infection.”
All
T-cell recovery and evidence of persistent immune activation 12 months after severe COVID-19
Science
The immunology and immunopathology of COVID-19
Understanding the Effects of Age and T-Cell Differentiation on COVID-19 Severity: Implicating a Fas/FasL-mediated Feed-Forward Controller of T-Cell Differentiation
Understanding the Effects of Age and T-Cell Differentiation on COVID-19 Severity: Implicating a Fas/FasL-mediated Feed-Forward Controller of T-Cell Differentiation
Akt-Fas to Quell Aberrant T Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis in Covid-19
"Aberrant T cell differentiation and lymphopenia are hallmarks of severe COVID-19 disease. Since T cells must race to cull infected cells, they are quick to differentiate and achieve cytotoxic function. With this responsiveness, comes hastened apoptosis, due to a coupled mechanism of death and differentiation in both CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes via CD95 (Fas) and serine-threonine kinase (Akt). T cell lymphopenia in severe cases may represent cell death or peripheral migration. These facets depict SARS-Cov-2 as a lympho-manipulative pathogen; it distorts T cell function, numbers, and death, and creates a dysfunctional immune response."
Reduction and Functional Exhaustion of T Cells in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) - PubMed
Reduction and Functional Exhaustion of T Cells in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
TACT on Twitter
Detailed analysis of study on Twitter: This is huge. ➡️ 8 months to rebuild T-cell & B-cell count after mild to moderate COVID, which leaves people open to other infections!
It's no wonder many kids are having more severe symptoms.
These viruses are spreading at an exponential rate with unmitigated schools.
Antonio Caramia on Twitter
Detailed thread on Twitter: "We observe a comparable reduction in B cells in both diseases and a more severe reduction in the total amount of T cells in COVID-19 as compared to AIDS patients."
LongCovidPharmD on Twitter
Medical anecdote: I'm no immunologist but a CD4 count < 500 increases your risk of opportunistic infections. At only 317, you're certainly immunocompromised. I'm so sorry; this is highly disturbing. Lymphocyte Subset panels should be ordered for all Long Covid sufferers.
laurie allee on Twitter
"Based on our knowledge of HIV pathophysiology, we hypothesized that SARS-CoV-2 infection-mediated lymphopenia could also be related to T cell apoptosis."
2020
The following article, SARS-CoV-2 Uses CD4 to Infect T Helper Lymphocytes
T cell apoptosis characterizes severe Covid-19 disease
"our results are compatible with a model in which T-cell apoptosis accounts for T lymphopenia in individuals with severe COVID-19."
Multiple early factors anticipate post-acute COVID-19 sequelae
Papers that show continuing dysfunction in T-cells: In Long Covid patients: https://nature.com/articles/s41590-021-01113-x In severe Covid-19 disease: https://nature.com/articles/s41418-022-00936-x Precipitates EBV reactivation: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2022.01.014 Seen in lung damage on autopsy studies:
Dr Kerry Smith on Twitter
Expert anecdote: This doctor’s T-cells are way below normal on 5 different T-cell parameters after being #COVID19 infected 5 times! Several studies have found T cell suppression/damage after COVID.
Antonio Caramia on Twitter
T cell counts of AIDS and COVID19 patients.
"The total absolute numbers of T cells and, in particular of the CD8+ subpopulation, are LOWER in COVID-19 patients compared to AIDS ones, while the CD4+ are reduced in both at similar levels"
342997179 aids and covid 19 are two diseases separated by a common lymphocytopenia
AIDS and COVID-19 are two diseases separated by a common lymphocytopenia
Anthony J Leonardi, MBBS, PhD on Twitter
Detailed analysis thread on Twitter: People keep asking me if sars cov 2 could alter T cell function to other pathogens and tagging me
Absolutely
And we need to look at T cell "exhaustion" 1/6
Disentangling the relative importance of T cell responses in COVID-19: leading actors or supporting cast? - PubMed
Disentangling the relative importance of T cell responses in COVID-19: leading actors or supporting cast?
Michael Lin, MD PhD 🧬 on Twitter
A timely and comprehensive review on the unclear contribution of T cells in protecting against SARS-COV-2 disease
The abstract reflects my impressions well. Despite efforts there's poor evidence T cell responses do more than mop up.
Anthony J Leonardi, MBBS, PhD on Twitter
SARS Cov 2 has many redundant ways of hiding from cd8 T cells
Did not expect so many!
So the T cells are at a disadvantage
Prof. Akiko Iwasaki on Twitter
Excellent, detailed analysis by Dr. Akiko Iwasaki on Twitter: In this study, @MiyuMoriyama et al investigate how well SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) suppress MHC I needed for recognition by cytotoxic T cells. This question is important to understand how well the virus limits CD8 killing 🧵