2020
The following article, SARS-CoV-2 Uses CD4 to Infect T Helper Lymphocytes
Daniel Brittain Dugger on Twitter
Detailed analysis on Twitter: I have repeatedly said that a chronic SARS-Cov-2 infection is deserving of the same treatment protocol as that of a chronic HIV infection. Hopefully, this thread will finally result in that happening. While looking for Bugs Bunny in a damn rabbit hole, people are suffering.
Blood abnormalities found in people with Long Covid
Blood abnormalities found in people with Long Covid
Study implicates lack of key hormone, damage to immune cells, and reawakened viruses.
T cell apoptosis characterizes severe Covid-19 disease
"our results are compatible with a model in which T-cell apoptosis accounts for T lymphopenia in individuals with severe COVID-19."
Multiple early factors anticipate post-acute COVID-19 sequelae
Papers that show continuing dysfunction in T-cells: In Long Covid patients: https://nature.com/articles/s41590-021-01113-x In severe Covid-19 disease: https://nature.com/articles/s41418-022-00936-x Precipitates EBV reactivation: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2022.01.014 Seen in lung damage on autopsy studies:
Dr Kerry Smith on Twitter
Expert anecdote: This doctor’s T-cells are way below normal on 5 different T-cell parameters after being #COVID19 infected 5 times! Several studies have found T cell suppression/damage after COVID.
Antonio Caramia on Twitter
T cell counts of AIDS and COVID19 patients.
"The total absolute numbers of T cells and, in particular of the CD8+ subpopulation, are LOWER in COVID-19 patients compared to AIDS ones, while the CD4+ are reduced in both at similar levels"
342997179 aids and covid 19 are two diseases separated by a common lymphocytopenia
AIDS and COVID-19 are two diseases separated by a common lymphocytopenia
How COVID-19 alters the immune system
"COVID-19 reduces the numbers and functional competence of certain types of immune cells in the blood, say researchers. This could affect responses to secondary infections."
Immunological dysfunction persists for 8 months following initial mild-to-moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection
Immunological dysfunction persists for 8 months following initial mild-to-moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection:
Anthony J Leonardi, MBBS, PhD on Twitter
Detailed analysis thread on Twitter: People keep asking me if sars cov 2 could alter T cell function to other pathogens and tagging me
Absolutely
And we need to look at T cell "exhaustion" 1/6
Disentangling the relative importance of T cell responses in COVID-19: leading actors or supporting cast? - PubMed
Disentangling the relative importance of T cell responses in COVID-19: leading actors or supporting cast?
Michael Lin, MD PhD 🧬 on Twitter
A timely and comprehensive review on the unclear contribution of T cells in protecting against SARS-COV-2 disease
The abstract reflects my impressions well. Despite efforts there's poor evidence T cell responses do more than mop up.
Anthony J Leonardi, MBBS, PhD on Twitter
SARS Cov 2 has many redundant ways of hiding from cd8 T cells
Did not expect so many!
So the T cells are at a disadvantage
Prof. Akiko Iwasaki on Twitter
Excellent, detailed analysis by Dr. Akiko Iwasaki on Twitter: In this study, @MiyuMoriyama et al investigate how well SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) suppress MHC I needed for recognition by cytotoxic T cells. This question is important to understand how well the virus limits CD8 killing 🧵
Pnas
A previous study showed that SARS-CoV-2 (ancestral) induced MHC I down-regulation in infected cells. They found a key role of ORF8 in this process.
MHC class I antigen presentation: learning from viral evasion strategies - PubMed
CD8 T cells help fight off viral infection by detecting and killing infected cells. CD8 T cells detect MHC I + viral peptide on infected cells. One of the common tricks viruses use to avoid killing is to inhibit MHC I expression and presentation.
Chris Turnbull on Twitter
Detailed thread on Twitter: Impressive new study finds Sars Cov 2 has immune suppressive abilities comparable to HIV and that variants increase virus abilities to stop vital anti-viral mechanism in the immune system
Longitudinal Analysis of COVID-19 Patients Shows Age-Associated T Cell Changes Independent of Ongoing Ill-Health
"...persistent T cell abnormalities in convalescent COVID-19 patients more than three months after initial infection. These changes are more marked with age and are independent of ongoing subjective ill-health, fatigue and reduced exercise tolerance."
Sharing CD4+ T Cell Loss: When COVID-19 and HIV Collide on Immune System
Sharing CD4+ T Cell Loss: When COVID-19 and HIV Collide on Immune System
Kashif Pirzada, MD on Twitter
Detailed discussion on Twitter: I've gone over in detail with an immunologist just some of the immune system/T-cell problems SARS2 creates, which cause severe disease and possibly Long Covid. Vaccines surely help reduce this, perhaps by half, but do not eliminate the risk completely:
T cell apoptosis characterizes severe Covid-19 disease
"Based on our knowledge of HIV pathophysiology, we hypothesized that SARS-CoV-2 infection-mediated lymphopenia could also be related to T cell apoptosis."
Dr Satoshi Akima FRACP 『秋間聰』 on Twitter
Lymphocyte exhaustion may persist after recovery from COVID, especially depletion of naive T-cells that are protective of overexuberant cytotoxic T-cell driven responses. This may set up the stage for even more overexuberant T-cell response in future reinfections
Ccr3
"This is the first report of COVID-19 in a human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) carrier. HTLV-1 infection can cause immune dysfunction even in asymptomatic carriers."
COVID‐19 in a human T‐cell lymphotropic virus type‐1 carrier
SARS News Network (SNN) 🦠 😷 on Twitter
Detailed thread on Twitter: T CELL APOPTOSIS VIA COVID-19: Bombshell new study, done by an elite group of doctors such as @fitterhappierAJ , has found that severity of the disease is correlated to T-cell apoptosis, essentially, your T-cells are contributing to your demise. Very detailed stuff here.
COVID-19 promoting the development of active tuberculosis in a patient with latent tuberculosis infection: A case report
“This case appears to confirm the concerns that the CD4+ T-cell depletion associated with COVID-19 may promote the development of active tuberculosis from latent infection much like HIV does.”
Eric Feigl-Ding on Twitter
Comprehensive thread on Twitter: Listen up—Top 🇬🇧 scientists warns that “In the last week—there’s now evidence that T-cells…get damaged the same way that HIV and other RNA-virus damage T-cell immunity”. ➡️Prof Costello ( @globalhlthtwit ) raises serious concerns on #COVID19 & the 🧠—a🧵:
Anthony J Leonardi, MBBS, PhD on Twitter
Interesting. Uchicago finds in a preprint a strong signature of T cell apoptosis in Covid- more than HIV, and a loss of naive T cells
I wrote about t cell apoptosis and a loss of naive T cells in frontiers in 2020 as being problematic