We further analyzed RNA and DNA contents of these vials and identified large amounts of DNA after RNase A digestion in all lots with concentrations ranging from 32.7 ng to 43.4 ng per clinical dose. This far exceeds the maximal acceptable concentration of 10 ng per clinical dose that has been set by international regulatory authorities.

We investigated mRNA vaccine effects in a chronic inflammation mouse model implanted with an LPS pump, focusing on toxicity and immunogenicity. Under chronic inflammation, mRNA vaccines exacerbated cardiac damage and myocarditis, inducing mild heart inflammation with heightened pro-inflammatory cytokine production and inflammatory cell infiltration in the heart. Concurrently, significant muscle damage occurred, with disturbances in mitochondrial fusion and fission factors signaling impaired muscle repair. However, chronic inflammation did