During four weeks all 2138 cigarette smokers attending the surgeries of 28 general practitioners (GPs) in five group practices in London were allocated to one of four groups: group 1 comprised non-intervention controls; group 2 comprised questionnaire-only controls; group 3 were advised by their GP …

Indocyanine green angiography-guided PDT with verteporfin seems to aid in the resolution of exudative detachments in patients with chronic CSC. This treatment was associated with a rapid reduction in subretinal fluid and improvement in visual acuity. Although the follow-up time and number of patient …

[Pharmacologic vigilance in hospitals]

The principle of informed consent, aimed at the lawfulness of health assistance, tends to reflect the concept of autonomy and of decisional autodetermination of the person requiring and requesting medical and/or surgical interventions. This legal formula, over the last few years, has gained not only …

This study focuses on the ancient text of the Hippocratic Oath. Ancient authors refer to various oaths in the context of medical practice, but none of these closely resemble the Hippocratic Oath. The text of the Hippocratic Oath contains several contractual clauses, which clearly reflect a strictly …

We propose a novel framework for aphorisms, emphasising strategies to enhance or maximise clinical judgement and professional behaviour, affirm identities, and educate the public via the media.

Diagnosis is arguably the cornerstone of medicine. Without at least some form of diagnosis the practice of medicine would not be possible. This narrative review explores common philosophical assumptions and challenges the notion that a certain diagnosis can ever be made. The idealistic concept of "p …

Among the thousands of eHealth tools available, the vast majority do not get past pilot phases because they cannot prove value, and only a few have been systematically assessed. Although multiple eHealth assessment frameworks have been developed, these efforts face multiple challenges. This study ai …

Should glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist treatment be withheld in preoperative management?

A crisis generates uncertainty, a plethora of frequent and urgent tasks, and the need to adapt policy to changing circumstances and to the increased risks. The risk manager must be a member of the crisis management team and participate in every important discussion in order to represent essential st …

Based on these findings, simulation based-education (SBE) is an effective educational method that can improve the proficiency and competence of medical professionals dealing with child. Learning through simulation provides an immersive environment in which learners interact with the presented patien …

This Commission finds that plastics are both a boon to humanity and a stealth threat to human and planetary health. Plastics convey enormous benefits, but current linear patterns of plastic production, use, and disposal that pay little attention to sustainable design or safe materials and a near abs …

Our cells and organs are threatened and, in most cases, constantly subjected to the aggression of numerous situations, both endogenous, characterized by unfavorable genetics, and exogenous, by deficient or inadequate nutrition, and even by a hostile environment; in most cases, they ultimately cause …

Intravenous (IV) fluids are among the most common interventions performed in the emergency department. They are at times lifesaving, but if used recklessly can be harmful. Given their ubiquity, it is important to understand the history, physiology, and current strategies that govern the use of IV fl …

Biological macromolecule-based therapeutics irrupted in the pharmaceutical scene generating a great hope due to their outstanding specificity and potency. However, given their susceptibility to degradation and limited capacity to overcome biological barriers new delivery technologies had to be devel …

Oral Defense: How Oral Rehydration Solutions Revolutionized the Treatment of Toxigenic Diarrhea

A tremendous increase in the entry of drug delivery systems (DDSs) based on nanotechnology has been observed as a result of the ability of pharmaceutical nanotechnology to overcome the various drawbacks related to the first generation DDS. The patent period of these proprietary branded drugs gives i …

Inhalation therapy is one of the oldest approaches to the therapy of diseases of the respiratory tract. It is well recognised today that the most effective and safe means of treating the lungs is to deliver drugs directly to the airways. Surprisingly, the delivery of therapeutic aerosols has a rich …

Development and Pathophysiology of Oral Rehydration Therapy for the Treatment for Diarrhea

Menopause Medicine: Past, Present, and Future

50 Years Ago in The Journal of Pediatrics: Vaccination by the Intranasal Route

The history of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) started in the 1960s, with very high popularity in the 1990s. The first clinical trials on HRT and chronic postmenopausal conditions were started in the USA in the late 1990s. After the announcement of the first results of the Women's Health Initiativ …

50 Years Ago in TheJournal ofPediatrics: A Unified Guide to Parenteral Fluid Therapy. I. Maintenance Requirements and Repair of Dehydration

The controversy of MHT remained until the first randomized trials examining MHT in the early 1990s that suggested MHT is cardioprotective in postmenopausal women, although this conclusion was contradicted in subsequent trials. In the present day, MHT is approved only for short-term use for the sympt …

Twenty years of the MTP has been the mainstay of harm reduction services in Ireland. It has provided a network of specially trained GPs who provide methadone to over 10,000 patients across Ireland within a structured framework of training, quality assurance and remuneration. With the ongoing commitm …