RACIAL AND ETHNIC DISPARITIES AMONG LOW-INCOME FAMILIES Margaret C. Simms, Karina Fortuny, and Everett Henderson August 2009
Over the past decade, social policies have undergone significant change. The main policy focus for nonelderly families has been toward encouraging greater work effort, with the expectation that full-time employment, along with some social supports, would enable families to earn enough to provide for their families. Although self-sufficiency can be an illusive concept, there is
some consensus that families would need to have incomes above 200 percent of the federal
poverty level in order to cover basic household expenses consistently (about $42,000 for a family
of four).1