Indigenous History and Rights & Tribal Sovereignty

The word Wasáse is the Kanienkeha (Mohawk) word for the ancient war dance ceremony of unity, strength, and commitment to action. The author notes, "This book traces the journey of those Indigenous people who have found a way to transcend the colonial identities which are the legacy of our history and live as Onkwehonwe, original people. It is dialogue and reflection on the process of transcending colonialism in a personal and collective sense: making meaningful change in our lives and transforming society by recreating our personalities, regenerating our cultures, and surging against forces that keep us bound to our colonial past."

The True Story of Pocahontas is the first public publication of the Powhatan perspective that has been maintained and passed down from generation to generation within the Mattaponi Tribe, and the first written history of Pocahontas by her own people.

A sixth-generation North Carolinian, highly-acclaimed author John Ehle grew up on former Cherokee hunting grounds. His experience as an accomplished novelist, combined with his extensive, meticulous research, culminates in this moving tragedy rich with historical detail. The Cherokee are a proud, ancient civilization. For hundreds of years they believed themselves to be the "Principle People" residing at the center of the earth. But by the 18th century, some of their leaders believed it was necessary to adapt to European ways in order to survive. Those chiefs sealed the fate of their tribes in 1875 when they signed a treaty relinquishing their land east of the Mississippi in return for promises of wealth and better land. The U.S. government used the treaty to justify the eviction of the Cherokee nation in an exodus that the Cherokee will forever remember as the "trail where they cried." The heroism and nobility of the Cherokee shine through this intricate story of American politics, ambition, and greed. B & W photographs

"This volume brings together an invaluable collection of vivid eyewitness accounts of the Minnesota Indian War of 1862 and its aftermath. Of greatest interest is the fact that all the narratives assembled here come from Dakota mixed-bloods and full-bloods. Speaking from a variety of viewpoints and enmeshed in complex webs of allegiances to Indian, white, and mixed-blood kin, these witnesses testify not only to the terrible casualties they all suffered, but also to the ways in which the events of 1862 tore at the social, cultural, and psychic fabrics of their familial and community lives. This rich contribution to Minnesota and Dakota history is enhanced by careful editing and annotation."--Jennifer S. H. Brown, University of Winnipeg Praise for Through Dakota Eyes: "For anyone interested in Minnesota history, Native-American history, and Civil War history in this forgotten theater of operations. Through Dakota Eyes is an absolute must read. . . . an extremely well-balanced and fascinating book that will take it's place at the forefront of Indian Historiography."--Civil War News "An important look at how the political dynamic of Minnesota's southern Dakota tribes erupted into a brief, futile blood bath. It is also a vital record of the death song of the Dakota's traditional, nomadic way of life."--Minnesota Daily "An appreciation for the diversity and complexity of Dakota culture and politics emerges from Through Dakota Eyes. . . . captures some of the human drama, tragedy, and confusion which must have surely characterized all American frontier wars."--American Indian Quarterly

Ahead of the 400th anniversary of the first Thanksgiving, a new look at the Plymouth colony's founding events, told for the first time with Wampanoag people at the heart of the story. In March 1621, when Plymouth's survival was hanging in the balance, the Wampanoag sachem (or chief), Ousamequin (Massasoit), and Plymouth's governor, John Carver, declared their people's friendship for each other and a commitment to mutual defense. Later that autumn, the English gathered their first successful harvest and lifted the specter of starvation. Ousmaequin and 90 of his men then visited Plymouth for the 'First Thanksgiving.' The treaty remained operative until King Philip's War in 1675, when 50 years of uneasy peace between the two parties would come to an end. 400 years after that famous meal, historian David J. Silverman sheds profound new light on the events that led to the creation, and bloody dissolution, of this alliance. Focusing on the Wampanoag Indians, Silverman deepens the narrative to consider tensions that developed well before 1620 and lasted long after the devastating war-tracing the Wampanoags' ongoing struggle for self-determination up to this very day. This unsettling history reveals why some modern Native people hold a Day of Mourning on Thanksgiving, a holiday which celebrates a myth of colonialism and white proprietorship of the United States. This Land is Their Land shows that it is time to rethink how we, as a pluralistic nation, tell the history of Thanksgiving"--

In the first part of this sweeping two-volume history, Jeffrey Ostler investigates how American democracy relied on Indian dispossession and the federally sanctioned use of force to remove or slaughter Indians in the way of U.S. expansion. He charts the losses that Indians suffered from relentless violence and upheaval and the attendant effects of disease, deprivation, and exposure. This volume centers on the eastern United States from the 1750s to the start of the Civil War. An authoritative contribution to the history of the United States' violent path toward building a continental empire, this ambitious and well-researched book deepens our understanding of the seizure of indigenous lands, including the use of treaties to create the appearance of Native consent to dispossession. Ostler also carefully documents the resilience of Native people, showing how they survived genocide by creating alliances, defending their towns, and rebuilding their communities.

Born in 1937 and raised by his grandparents on the Leach Lake reservation in Minnesota, Dennis Banks grew up learning traditional Ojibwa lifeways. As a young child he was torn from his home and forced to attend a government boarding school designed to assimilate Indian children into white culture. After years of being "white man-ized" in these repressive schools, Banks enlisted in the U.S. Air Force, shipping out to Japan when he was only seventeen years old." "After returning to the states, Banks lived in poverty in the Indian slums of Minnesota until he was arrested for stealing groceries to feed his growing family. Although his white accomplice was freed on probation, Banks was sent to prison. There he became determined to educate himself. Hearing about the African American struggle for civil rights, he recognized that American Indians must take up a similar fight. Upon his release, Banks became a founder of AIM, the American Indian Movement, which soon inspired Indians from many tribes to join the fight for American Indian rights. Through AIM, Banks sought to confront racism with activism rooted deeply in Native religion and culture." "Ojibwa Warrior relates Dennis Banks's inspiring life story and the story of the rise of AIM - from the 1972 "Trail of Broken Treaties" march to Washington, D.C., which ended in the occupation of the Bureau of Indian Affairs building, to the 1973 standoff at Wounded Knee, when Lakota Indians and AIM activists from all over the country occupied the site of the infamous 1890 massacre of three hundred Sioux men, women, and children to protest the bloodshed and corruption at the Pine Ridge Lakota reservation." "Banks tells the inside story of the seventy-one-day siege, his unlikely nighttime escape and interstate flight, and his eventual shootout with authorities at an FBI roadblock in Oregon. Pursued and hunted, he managed to reach California. There, authorities refused to extradite him to South Dakota, where the attorney general had declared that the best thing to do with Dennis Banks was to "put a bullet through his head."" "Years later, after a change in state govenment, Banks gave himself up to South Dakota authorities. Sentenced to two years in prison, he was paroled after serving one year to teach students Indian history at the Lone Man school Pine Ridge. Since then, Dennis Banks has organized "Scared Runs" for young people, teaching American Indian ways, religion, and philosophy worldwide. Now operating a successful business on the reservation, he continues the fight for Indian rights."--BOOK JACKET.Title Summary field provided by Blackwell North America, Inc. All Rights Reserved

From the author of How the World Moves--the classic collection of more than 500 years of Native American History In a series of powerful and moving documents, anthropologist Peter Nabokov presents a history of Native American and white relations as seen though Indian eyes and told through Indian voices. Beginning with the Indians' first encounters with European explorers, traders, missionaries, settlers, and soldiers to the challenges confronting Native American culture today, Native American Testimony spans five hundred years of interchange between the two peoples. Drawing from a wide range of sources--traditional narratives, Indian autobiographies, government transcripts, firsthand interviews, and more--Nabokov has assembled a remarkably rich and vivid collection, representing nothing less than an alternate history of North America.

As a small boy in remote Alberta, Darrel J. McLeod is immersed in his Cree family's history, passed down in the stories of his mother, Bertha. There he is surrounded by her tales of joy and horror--of the strong men in their family, of her love for Darrel, and of the cruelty she and her sisters endured in residential school--as well as his many siblings and cousins, and the smells of moose stew and wild peppermint tea. And there young Darrel learns to be fiercely proud of his heritage and to listen to the birds that will guide him throughout his life. But after a series of tragic losses, Bertha turns wild and unstable, and their home life becomes chaotic. Sweet and eager to please, Darrel struggles to maintain his grades and pursue interests in music and science while changing homes, witnessing domestic violence, caring for his younger siblings, and suffering abuse at the hands of his brother-in-law. Meanwhile, he begins to question and grapple with his sexual identity--a reckoning complicated by the repercussions of his abuse and his sibling's own gender transition. Thrillingly written in a series of fractured vignettes, and unflinchingly honest, Mamaskatch--"It's a wonder!" in Cree--is a heartbreaking account of how traumas are passed down from one generation to the next, and an uplifting story of one individual who overcame enormous obstacles in pursuit of a fulfilling and adventurous life.

The struggle between Indians and whites for land did not end on the battlefields in the 1800s. When this hostile era closed with Native Americans forced onto reservations, no one expected that rich natural resources lay beneath these lands that white America would desperately desire. Yet oil, timber, fish, coal, water, and other resources were discovered to be in great demand in the mainstream market, and a new war began with Indian tribes and their leaders trying to protect their tribal natural resources throughout the twentieth century. In The Invasion of Indian Country in the 20th Century, Donald Fixico details the course of this struggle, providing a wealth of information on the resources possessed by individual tribes and the way in which they were systematically defrauded and stripped of these resources. Fixico contends that federal policies originally devised to protect Indian interests ironically worked against the Indian nations as the tribes employed new tactics with the Council of Energy Resources Tribes, using the law in courts and applying aggressive business leadership to combat the capitalist invasion by mainstream America. Fixico's analysis of this war being waged throughout the century and today serves as an indispensable reference tool for anyone interested in Native American history and current government policy with regard to Indian lands.

"Today in the United States, there are more than five hundred federally-recognized Indigenous nations comprising nearly three million people, descendants of the fifteen million Native people who once inhabited this land. The centuries-long genocidal program of the US settler-colonial regimen has largely been omitted from history. Now historian and activist Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz offers a history of the United States told from the perspective of Indigenous peoples and reveals how Native Americans, for centuries, actively resisted expansion of the US empire. In An Indigenous Peoples' History of the United States, Dunbar-Ortiz challenges the founding myth of the United States and shows how policy against the Indigenous peoples was colonialist and designed to seize the territories of the original inhabitants, displacing or eliminating them. And as Dunbar-Ortiz reveals, this policy was praised in popular culture, through writers like James Fenimore Cooper and Walt Whitman, and in the highest offices of government and the military. As the genocidal policy reached its zenith under President Andrew Jackson, its ruthlessness was best articulated by US Army general Thomas S. Jesup, who, in 1836, wrote of the Seminoles: "The country can be rid of them only by exterminating them." Spanning more than four hundred years, this classic bottom-up peoples' history radically reframes US history and explodes the silences that have haunted our national narrative."--Publisher's description.

As entertaining as it is thoughtful....Few contemporary writers have Weatherford's talent for making the deep sweep of history seem vital and immediate." --Washington Post After 500 years, the world's huge debt to the wisdom of the Indians of the Americas has finally been explored in all its vivid drama by anthropologist Jack Weatherford. He traces the crucial contributions made by the Indians to our federal system of government, our democratic institutions, modern medicine, agriculture, architecture, and ecology, and in this astonishing, ground-breaking book takes a giant step toward recovering a true American history.

Thomas King offers a deeply knowing, darkly funny, unabashedly opinionated, and utterly unconventional account of Indian-White relations in North America since initial contact. Both timeless and timely, The Inconvenient Indian ultimately rejects the pessimism and cynicism with which Natives and Whites regard one another to chart a new and just way forward for Indians and non-Indians alike.

"In myriad ways, each narrator's life has been shaped by loss, injustice, and resilience--and by the struggle of how to share space with settler nations whose essential aim is to take all that is Indigenous. Hear from Jasilyn Charger, one of the first five people to set up camp at Standing Rock, which kickstarted a movement of Water Protectors that roused the world; Gladys Radek, a survivor of sexual violence whose niece disappeared along Canada's Highway of Tears, who became a family advocate for the National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls; and Marian Naranjo, herself the subject of a secret radiation test while in high school, who went on to drive Santa Clara Pueblo toward compiling an environmental impact statement on the consequences of living next to Los Alamos National Laboratory. Theirs are stories shaped by loss, injustice, resilience, and the struggle to share space with settler nations."--Amazon.com

The received idea of Native American history -- as promulgated by books like Dee Brown's 1970 mega-bestselling Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee -- has been that American Indian history essentially ended with the 1890 massacre at Wounded Knee. Not only did one hundred fifty Sioux die at the hands of the U.S. Cavalry, but Native civilization did as well. Growing up Ojibwe on a reservation in Minnesota, training as an anthropologist, and researching Native life past and present for his nonfiction and novels, David Treuer has uncovered a different narrative. Because they did not disappear -- and not despite but rather because of their intense struggles to preserve their language, their traditions, their families, and their very existence -- the story of American Indians since the end of the nineteenth century to the present is one of unprecedented resourcefulness and reinvention. Treuer melds history with reportage and memoir. Tracing the tribes' distinctive cultures from first contact, he explores how the depredations of each era spawned new modes of survival. The devastating seizures of land gave rise to increasingly sophisticated legal and political maneuvering that put the lie to the myth that Indians don't know or care about property. The forced assimilation of their children at government-run boarding schools incubated a unifying Native identity. Conscription in the U.S. military and the pull of urban life brought Indians into the mainstream and modern times, even as it steered the emerging shape of self-rule and spawned a new generation of resistance. The Heartbeat of Wounded Knee is the intimate story of a resilient people in a transformative era.

Treuer, an Ojibwe scholar and cultural preservationist, answers the most commonly asked questions about American Indians, both historical and modern. He gives a frank, funny, and personal tour of what's up with Indians, anyway.

In this sweeping work of memoir and commentary, leading cultural critic Paul Chaat Smith illustrates with dry wit and brutal honesty the contradictions of life in "the Indian business. "Raised in suburban Maryland and Oklahoma, Smith dove head first into the political radicalism of the 1970's, working with the American Indian Movement until it dissolved into dysfunction and infighting. Afterward he lived in New York, the city of choice for political exiles, and eventually arrived in Washington, D.C., at the newly minted National Museum of the American Indian ("a bad idea whose time has come") as

"Combining socio-legal and ethnohistorical studies, this book presents the history of doodem, or clan identification markings, left by Anishinaabe on treaties and other legal documents from the seventeenth through the nineteenth centuries. These doodems reflected fundamental principles behind Anishinaabe governance that were often ignored by Europeans, who referred to Indigenous polities in terms of tribe, nation, band, or village - classifications that failed to fully encompass longstanding cultural traditions of political authority within Anishinaabe society. Making creative use of natural history, treaty pictographs, and the Ojibwe language as an analytical tool, Doodem and Council Fire delivers groundbreaking insights into Anishinaabe law. The author asks not only what these doodem markings indicate, but what they may also reveal through their exclusions. The book also outlines the continuities, changes, and innovations in Anishinaabe governance through the concept of council fires and the alliances between them. Original and path-breaking, Doodem and Council Fire offers a fresh approach to Indigenous history, presenting a new interpretation grounded in a deep understanding of the nuances and distinctiveness of Anishinaabe culture and Indigenous traditions."--

"This is the first anthology to bring together Dine' writers of poetry, fiction, and nonfiction prose into a single collection of Navajo literature. The book includes author biographies and interviews with a selections of the writers' most important creative work, as well as a chronology and resources for teachers and readers"--

"An overview of Navajo history from pre-Columbian time to the present, written for the Navajo community and highlighting Navajo oral history"--

Documents and personal narratives record the experiences of Native Americans during the nineteenth century.

[Abel's] story is a tragic one, but leaving it untold would be a greater tragedy. Native American southerners shared the experience of the Civil War with other Americans, and their involvement in that upheaval had as profound an effect on their subsequent history. Abel's was the first serious telling of that story."--Theda Perdue and Michael D. Green. The secession of southern states in the winter and spring of 1861-62 brought about a crisis for the Five Civilzed Tribes living in present-day Oklahoma, or Indian Territory. Forced out of the South thirty years earlier and relocated there, the Cherokees, Chickasaws, Choctaws, Creeks, and Seminoles had maintained a relationship with the United States through treaties and resident agents. Now the civil war that threatened the Union also called into question its relationship with the southern Indians, an influential minority of whom owned black slaves. In this volume, originally published in 1915 as the first of a trilogy on slaveholding Indians, Annie Heloise Abel explores the diplomatic manuevers of the Confederacy to secure alliances with these five Indian nations. The negotiations were an important chapter in American diplomatic history, as Theda Perdue and Michael D. Green, professors of history at Dartmouth College, point out in their introduction to this Bison Book. They profile the English-born, Kansas-educated Annie Heloise Abel (1873-1947), a distinguished historical editor and writer whose works include The American Indian in the Civil War, 1862-1865, also a Bison Book.

In a work of impassioned scholarship, David E. Stannard describes in horrific detail the mass destruction of entire New World societies that followed in the wake of European contact with the Western Hemisphere--destruction that lasted for more that four centuries, and that continues in many places even today. In a sweeping introductory overview of the native cultures of the Americas as they existed prior to 1492, Stannard provides a vibrant context for understanding the human dimension of what was lost in that tragic firestorm of violence and introduced disease. He concludes with a searching examination of the religious and cultural roots of Euro-American racism and genocidal behavior. Meticulously detailed and broad in scope, this stunning work is certain to ignite intense historical and moral debate among historians and students alike.

The first full account of the government-sanctioned genocide of California Indians under United States rule Between 1846 and 1873, California's Indian population plunged from perhaps 150,000 to 30,000. Benjamin Madley is the first historian to uncover the full extent of the slaughter, the involvement of state and federal officials, the taxpayer dollars that supported the violence, indigenous resistance, who did the killing, and why the killings ended. This deeply researched book is a comprehensive and chilling history of an American genocide. Madley describes pre-contact California and precursors to the genocide before explaining how the Gold Rush stirred vigilante violence against California Indians. He narrates the rise of a state-sanctioned killing machine and the broad societal, judicial, and political support for genocide. Many participated: vigilantes, volunteer state militiamen, U.S. Army soldiers, U.S. congressmen, California governors, and others. The state and federal governments spent at least

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In this collection, delve into stories from We Shall Remain, a five-part 2009 series on the history and lives of Native Americans, and from other American Experience films.

1,000 Years of Song: The Apache Labriola 20 minutes VIDEO Authentically costumed Apache Indians perform songs and dances. Describes the social and ceremonial functions of the music. 1998. 1840 Cherokee Trial of Archilla Smith Labriola 60 minutes VIDEO Presents a re-enactment of the trial of Archilla Smith, an accused murderer, taken directly from trial transcripts. 1995. 4wheelwarpony Labriola 5 minutes Multi-screen experimental film juxtaposing historic archive photos and modern reenactments of 19th century White Mountain Apache scouts with 21st century skateboarding Apache youth. 2008. 500 Nations Labriola 372 minutes 500 Nations is an eight-part documentary that looks back at life in North America before the arrival of the Europeans, then follows the epic struggles of Indian Nations as the continent is reshaped by contact. Hosted and produced by Kevin Costner. 2004. 5th World Labriola 75 minutes Two young Navajos fall in love as they hitchhike across the Navajo Nation only to find tradition plays a large role in the outcome of their developing relationship. 2007. A Good Day to Die Labriola 90 minutes Chronicles the life story of Dennis Banks, the Native American who co-founded the American Indian Movement (AIM) in 1968 to advocate and protect the rights of American Indians, providing an in-depth look at the history and issues surrounding AIM's formation. Includes public performance rights. A Seat at that Table: Struggling for American Indian Religious Freedom Labriola 90 minutes Explores the problems faced by Native Americans in practicing their religious ceremonies and beliefs. Includes public performance rights. 2005. A Thousand Roads Labriola 40 minutes The lives of four Native American takes a significant turn as they confront the crises that arise in a single day. 2005. A Tribe of One Labriola 39 minutes Chronicles the life and family history of Rhonda Larrabee, who grows up thinking she is a Chinese and French descent, but then discovers she is half-native. She is part of a forgotten First Nation in New Westminster, B.C. -the Qayqayt First Nation - and she helps re-establish the band and becomes its Chief. Includes public performance rights. 2007. Aboriginal Architecture, Living Architecture Labriola 93 minutes Aboriginal architecture living architecture offers an in-depth look into the diversity of North American Native architecture. Featuring expert commentary and imagery, this program provides a virtual tour of seven aboriginal communities- Pueblo, Mohawk, Inuite, Crow, Navajo, Coast Salish, and Haida- revealing how each is actively reinterpreting and adapting traditional forms for contemporary purposes. 2005. Act of War: The Overthrow of the Hawaiian Nation Labriola 58 minutes VIDEO Chronicles the history and condition of Hawaiians from their creation to the present, focusing on the overthrow of the Hawaiian government in 1893. Commentators Haunani-Kay Trask, Lilikal¯a Kame‘eleihiwa, Jon Kamakawiwo‘ole Osorio and Kekuni Blaisdell give a Hawaiian perspective to events which led to Hawaii's annexation to the United States. 1993. Alcatraz is Not an Island Labriola 58 minutes "Alcatraz Is Not and Island" examines the experiences of those involved in the occupation of Alcatraz Island for 19 months starting in November of 1969. It also explores the impact of the occupation on Native Americans nationwide. Out of Alcatraz came the "Red Power" movement of the 1970s, which has been called the lost chapter of the Civil Rights era, and more than 70 other Indian occupations of Federal facilities. 2002. Allan Houser Haozous: The Lifetime Work of an American Master Labriola 54 minutes An introduction to the work of artist, Allan Houser, a sculptor known for Apache themes. 2005. Aloha Quest Labriola 120 minutes VIDEO v. 1. Kumulipo -- History of health -- The Hawaiian Kingdom -- What is a Hawaiian subject? -- Attempted overthrow of 1893 -- Tears of a nation -- Anti-annexation petitions -- The annexation that never was -- August 12, 1998 Centennial -- Early 1900's newsreel of Lili'uokalani -- Internal laws of the U.S. -- Supreme Court and International Courts -- v. 2. Senate debate on Apology resolution, October 1993 -- United Church of Christ Apology, 1993 -- Aloha March on Washington -- Kanu o ka'A¯ini Hawaiian Academy -- Aha Pu¯nana Leo animations -- Mauna Kea -- Ola Na¯Iwi (repatriation of ancestral remains). 2000. American Experience: In the White Man's Image Labriola 60 minutes VIDEO Explains how Richard Pratt's experiment on the assimilation of American Indians led to boarding schools, a form of cultural genocide. 1989. American Indian Homelands Labriola 78 minutes "The film powerfully highlights efforts to redness more than a century's worth of legal and political moves undermining Indian land ownership and sovereignty, going back to the 1887 General Allotment Act: the national fight to recover lost lands is being led by the Twin Cities-based Indian Tenure Land Foundation." 2005. American Indians : Yesterday and Today Labriola 19 minutes VIDEO A young Shoshone-Paiute man from CA, an elderly northern Cheyenne man from Montana, and a young Seneca woman from NY State, tell about the history and modern life-styles of their tribes. 1990. American Native Labriola 89 minutes Thirty miles from New York City, tucked away in the Ramapo Mountains of New Jersey, lives a group of indigenous people shrouded in mystery and discrimination, fighting for acceptance as Native Americans...The Ramapough Lenape Indians. American Native exposes this group's fight for respect as Native Americans, examining their efforts to gain recognition from the Bureau of Indian Affairs and the private interests that may have colluded behind the scenes to prevent them from doing so. Through expert interviews and unbridled access to the community, the film provides an in-depth look at the group's complex past, volatile present and endangered future. 2015 American Outrage Labriola 56 minutes A young Shoshane-Paiute mand from CA, an elderly northern Cheyenne man from NY State, tell about the history and modern life-styles of their tribes. 2008. America's Indians : The Bison Hunters Labriola 13 minutes VIDEO Describes painter George Catlin's enchantment with the life of the Plains Indians in the mid-19th century. 1986. America's Indians : The Death of the Bison Labriola 13 minutes VIDEO Depicts the westward expansion of the white settlers and the effect this had on the Indians who lost their land and the great buffalo herds. 1986. America's Indians : The Indians Were There First Labriola 13 minutes VIDEO A brief survey of the first Indians to cross the landbridge to the North American continent from Asia. Describes tribes that settled in regions of the continent. 1986. America's Indians : The Warpath Labriola 13 minutes VIDEO As settlers pushed the Indians further west, war broke out as the Indians tried to retain the lands they inhabited. 1986. America's Indians : When the White Man Came Labriola 13 minutes VIDEO A brief survey of the predominant North American Indian tribes, their geographical locations and customs. 1986. America's Indians: The Trail of Tears Labriola 13 minutes VIDEO Describes the westward expansion of the U.S. which led to the seizure of Indian lands and the destruction of Indian culture. 1986. Ancient Spirit, Living Word; The Oral Tradition Labriola 57 minutes; 35 seconds VIDEO Presents different opinions of oral tradition in the past and where oral tradition is heading in the future. 1984-1996. Apache 8 Labriola 57mins DVD Documentary about an all-women wildland firefighter crew from the White Mountain Apache Tribe. 2011. Apache Mountain Spirits Labriola 58 minutes VIDEO A young Apache man, growing up in the White Mountains of Arizona, learns from Apache stories and makes decisions about his life. 1985. Arts of the Eskimo: An Arctic Adventure Labriola 23 minutes VIDEO The Inupiaq, Inuit and Aleut arts and crafts present a wide range of materials from ivory, wood and bone to fur, feather, baleen and stone. We see both practical and ceremonial objects as well as work by contemporary artists. 1995. Atanarjuat: The Fast Runner Labriola 172 minutes A retelling of an Inuit legend of love, jealousy, murder and revenge in the Igloolik region, focusing on two brothers: Atanarjuat and Amaqjuaq. 2000. Awake: A Dream from Standing Rock Labriola 89 minutes Record of the massive peaceful resistance led by the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe to the Dakota Access Pipeline through their land and underneath the Missouri River. 2017 Backbone of the World Labriola 57 minutes Burdeau explores issues of environmental, historical, and cultural preservation as they relate to the Blackfeet community. Set amidst the splendor of the northern Rockies, known to the Blackfeet as "the backbone of the world," this program juxtaposes the ancient legend of Scarface with contemporary stories from the Native American experience. 1998. Badger Creek Labriola 27 minutes  A documentary portrait of a Blackfeet (Pikuni) family, the Mombergs, who live on the lower Blackfeet Reservation in Montana near the banks of Badger Creek. In addition to running a prosperous ranching business, they practice a traditional Blackfeet cultural lifestyle that sustains and nourishes them, including sending their children to a Blackfeet language immersion school, participating in Blackfeet spiritual ceremonies and maintaining a Blackfeet worldview. The film takes us through a year in the life of the family, and through four seasons of the magnificent and traditional territory of the Pikuni Nation. 2017 Bambi Labriola 60 minutes VIDEO Animated film about a deer and how the phases of its life parallel the cycle of seasons in the forest. Arapaho language version. 1989. Barking Water Labriola 78 minutes DVD A film about a dying Native American's final journey with a loving companion by his side. 2010. Before Columbus: #04 - Teaching Indians to be White Labriola 28 minutes VIDEO Native children