The discovery of compound 57, a new, totally synthetic 1,2,4-oxadiazole antibacterial agent, is described. This oxadiazole displays highly selective, bactericidal killing of Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile, the bacterium that causes C. difficile infection (CDI) in both ho …

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, recurrent inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract. In addition to digestive symptoms, patients with IBD may also develop extra-intestinal manifestations (EIMs), the etiology of which remains undefined. The gut microbiota has been reported to …

Thousands of microorganisms reside in the human gut, and extensive research has demonstrated the crucial role of the gut microbiota in overall health and maintaining homeostasis. The disruption of microbial populations, known as dysbiosis, can impair the host's metabolism and contribute to the devel …

Multimodal IPC training of CMOs is worthwhile and can lead to changes in IPC-relevant cooperation in hospitals. IPC training of hospital management should be further intensified.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a difficult-to-cure and recurrent inflammatory bowel disease, and it is difficult to maintain long-term results with a single drug. Inspired by clinical medication in traditional Chinese medicine, we used berberine hydrochloride (BBH) and dehydrocostus lactone (DEH) in com …

Gut microbiota are increasingly being recognized as a contributing factor in the etiology of numerous diseases and as a potential determinant in the immune response to various treatments. Recent work has suggested that the suboptimal immunogenic response to vaccination in low- and middle-income coun …

Infections cause notable treatment-related morbidity during pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (ALL/LLy) therapy. Infections are the most critical cause of morbidity and mortality in children undergoing treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Children with ALL, who are frequently underweight, are at increased risk of community-acquired pathogens, nosocomial multidrug-resistant pathogens, and opportunistic microorganisms. A weakened immune system from ALL itself and chemotherapy's side effects further worsen the prognosis. PubMed and Google Scholar articles were curated in a Google document with shared access. Discussion and development of the paper were achieved over Zoom meetings. This narrative review aims to analyze and summarize various pathogens responsible for infections in children receiving treatment for ALL and their treatment regimen and prophylaxis. The incidence of viral infection is higher in ALL patients, followed by bacterial and fungal infections. Prevention via prophylaxis and timely initiation of treatment is essential for positive outcomes.

An infection with Clostridioides difficile (or C. diff in the trade) that occurs 72 hours after admission to the hospital is considered hospital-acquired. Medicare penalizes hospitals financially if

CAMBRIDGE, Mass., October 11, 2023--Vedanta Biosciences, a clinical-stage company that is developing a potential new category of oral therapies based on defined bacterial consortia, today announced the details of two poster presentations at IDWeek 2023, being held virtually and in person in Boston, MA on October 11-15. The analyses cover two defined bacterial consortium candidates and include additional results from the VE303 Phase 2 CONSORTIUM study and an assessment of VE707 for the prevention

PRINCETON, N.J., October 11, 2023--Kanvas Biosciences, the leader in microbiome mapping technology, today announced it acquired two active therapeutics programs, a microbial library, and intellectual property from Federation Bio, a manufacturer of live biotherapeutics products (LBPs). This acquisition transitions Kanvas Biosciences from a technology company with a transformative spatial biology platform to a full-stack therapeutics company with active clinical programs and a new cell banking fac

Background The effect of leadership support for adherence to infection control and prevention (IPC) measures has been demonstrated. To expand this support, a target group-specific educational study for chief medical officers (CMO) was implemented and its influence on IPC indicators was investigated. Methods A controlled cohort study was conducted between 2018 and 2019. The intervention based on an initial workshop, an e-learning course, and a final meeting. Participants’ activities involving IPC management were surveyed. Consumption of alcohol hand rub (AHR) and incidence density of hospital-associated (HA) Clostridioides difficile-associated infections (CDI) were analyzed. Results Eight percent of 360 CMOs invited participated in the initial workshop; 70% of those participants registered for the online course. Overall, 43% completed the post-intervention questionnaire, in which 85% of respondents reported increased collaboration with relevant stakeholders. The pre-intervention median AHR consumption was higher in the intervention group than in the control group. Both groups showed an increase (38.6 (interquartile range (IQR) 33.6; 45.0) to 41.9 ml/patient day (PD) (IQR 35.0; 56.6) and 33.4 (IQR 28.3; 40.8) to 35.8 ml/ PD (IQR 31.6; 43.2), respectively). Pre-intervention median HA CDI cases were lower in the intervention group than in the control group. Both groups reported a decrease (0.22 (IQR 0.17; 0.33) to 0.19 cases/1000 PD (IQR 0.15; 0.26) and 0.32 (IQR 0.2; 0.48) to 0.22 cases/1000 PD (IQR 0.11; 0.33), respectively). Conclusion Multimodal IPC training of CMOs is worthwhile and can lead to changes in IPC-relevant cooperation in hospitals. IPC training of hospital management should be further intensified.

Age, fecal calprotectin level, toxin B PCR cycle threshold, immunosuppression, sex, and creatinine levels were identified as independent risk factors for developing recurrent CDI.

High rates of acquisition of toxigenic Clostridioides difficile colonization without subsequent infection during acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment in children

There has been a decrease in healthcare-associated Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in Australia, coupled with an increase in the genetic diversity of strains isolated in these settings, and an increase in community-associated cases. To explore this changing epidemiology, we studied t …

C. difficile toxin strikes a nerve in the gut

Prevention is also essential for antimicrobial stewardship

Probiotics are effective in preventing pouchitis after IPAA. Antibiotics, including ciprofloxacin and metronidazole, are likely effective in treating active pouchitis.

Dietary phenolic acids alleviate intestinal inflammation through altering gut microbiota composition and regulating macrophage activation. However, it is unclear how individual phenolic acids affect the interactions between intestinal microbiota and macrophages in the context of inflammatory bowel d …

FMT is an effective treatment that should be considered during the earlier phases of treatment. Stool donors should be thoroughly screened for infectious diseases and other criteria related to microbiota composition.

Enhanced infection prevention and control efforts during COVID-19 reduced the rates of some hospital infections at a comprehensive cancer center, including Clostridioides difficile and multidrug-resistant infections, according to a study.

FMT is an effective treatment that should be considered during the earlier phases of treatment. Stool donors should be thoroughly screened for infectious diseases and other criteria related to microbiota composition.

[Prosthesis joint infection due to Clostridioides difficile and literature review]

Social vulnerability index, race, and poverty were associated with increased rates of CDI, calling attention to population-level health disparities.

Variations in HO-CDI incidence seemed to trend with COVID-19 incidence but were not fully explained by our case mix. Other factors contributing to the variability in HO-CDI incidence beyond listed patient characteristics need to be explored.

Our understanding of drug-microbe relationships has evolved from viewing microbes as mere drug producers to a dynamic, modifiable system where they can serve as drugs or targets of precision pharmacology. This review highlights recent findings on the gut microbiome, particularly focusing on four asp …

No units experienced a decline in HA-CDI or HA-MRSA likely due to the low utilization of the system because of challenges incorporating it into operations.

Ageing and physiological functions of the human body are inversely proportional to each other. The gut microbiota and host immune system co-evolve from infants to the elderly. Ageing is accompanied by a decline in gut microbial diversity, immunity and metabolism, which increases susceptibility to in …

Crohn's disease is a life-long idiopathic inflammatory disease which affects the entire gastrointestinal tract and occasionally extra-intestinal organs. CD is thought to result from complex interactions between environmental factors, the gut microbes, and the genetic background and the immune system …

The prevalence of overweight, obesity, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and steatotic liver disease is rapidly increasing worldwide with a huge economic burden in terms of morbidity and mortality. Several genetic and environmental factors are involved in the onset and development of metabolic dis …

Implementing strict IPC measures during the COVID-19 pandemic in a cancer hospital led to a significant decrease in many HAIs and a reduction in nosocomial RVIs.