C Difficile

This study delves into a newly discovered MBL (metallo-β-lactamase) in Clostridioides difficile, a formidable pathogen known for causing nosocomial infections and exhibiting resistance to antimicrobial agents. The primary objective was to unravel its structure-function relationship. This rese …

EMBLAVEOTM is the first and only monobactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combination antibiotic therapy approved by the U.S. FDA to treat complicated intra-abdominal infections, including those caused...

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UV-C light breaks down the DNA of germs, preventing them from replicating in hospital and other settings. Discover more here.

Fecal microbiota transplantation emerges as the top treatment, while probiotics show limited effectiveness in preventing CDI recurrence.

Find out more about the winner and shortlisted entries in the Infection Prevention and Control category at the 2024 Nursing Times Awards.

Clostridioides difficile is the predominant pathogen in hospital-acquired infections and antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Dedicated networks and annual reports for C. difficile surveillance have been established in Europe and North America, however the extensive investigation on the prevalence of C. difficile infection (CDI) in China is limited. In this study, 1528 patients with diarrhea were recruited from seven geographically representative regions of China between July 2021 and July 2022. The positivity rate of toxigenic C. difficile using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR test of feces was 10.2% (156/1528), and 125 (8.2%, 125/1528) strains were successfully isolated. The isolates from different geographical areas had divergent characteristics after multilocus sequence typing, toxin gene profiling, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. No isolate from clade 2 were found, and clade 1 was still the main clade for these clinical isolates. Interestingly, clade 4, especially ST37, previously known as the characteristic type of China, showed a strong geographical divergence. Clade 3, although rare in China, has been detected in Hainan and Sichuan provinces. Most C. difficile isolates (76.8%, 96/125) were toxigenic. Clindamycin, erythromycin, and moxifloxacin were the top three antibiotics to which resistance was observed, with resistance rates of 81.3%, 63.6%, and 24.0%, respectively. Furthermore, 34 (27.2%, 34/125) multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains were identified. All the strains were sensitive to metronidazole, vancomycin, and meropenem. The genotype of C. difficile varies greatly among the different geographical regions in China, and new types are constantly emerging. Therefore, comprehensive, longitudinal, and standardized surveillance of C. difficile infections is needed in China, covering typical geographical areas.

Background Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been associated with poor clinical outcomes. The relationship between biologic therapy and CDI is controversial. We aimed to assess whether biologic therapy increases CDI risk among IBD patients, to identify factors associated with increased CDI risk, and to characterize CDI episodes in our population. Methods We included patients diagnosed with IBD (IBD-cohort) and immune-mediated inflammatory rheumatic diseases (Rheuma-cohort). Risk factors for CDI were assessed using a logistic regression model. We also estimated the incidence rate of CDI for each biologic. Results We included 1866 patients: 1041 from the IBD-cohort and 825 from the Rheuma-cohort. The diagnosis of IBD was the major risk factor for developing CDI in the overall population (OR: 18.29, CI 95%: 5.59–59.80, p  0.001). Within the IBD-cohort, patients with ulcerative colitis had an increased risk for CDI compared to Crohn’s disease (OR:2.00, 95% CI: 1.18–3.42, p = 0.011). Although the subgroup of IBD patients receiving biologics showed a higher incidence of CDI compared to unexposed IBD patients, biologic therapy was not an independent risk factor for CDI in the logistic regression model; nevertheless, patients who received 3 or more biologic agents had a significantly higher risk for CDI (OR: 3.09, CI 95% 1.13–8.47, p = 0.028). Conclusions IBD significantly increases the risk of CDI among patients treated with biologic therapy; although such treatments do not seem to individually increase the risk, the number of biologics received may be a new predictor of CDI.

Transplantation of beneficial bacteria to specific microbiota has been widely exploited to treat diseases by reshaping a healthy microbial structure. However, direct exposure of exogenous bacteria in vivo suffers from low bioavailability and infection risk. Here, we describe a noncontact microbiota …

DelveInsight s Clostridium Difficile Infections Market Insights Epidemiology and Market Forecast 2034 report offers an in depth understanding of the Clostridium Difficile Infections historical and forecasted epidemiology as well as the Clostridium Difficile Infections market trends in the United States ...

Concern has emerged about the high number of people in Ireland who are being diagnosed with a potentially fatal superbug outside of hospitals.

A new publication in Nature Medicine highlights the potential of VE303 for preventing recurrent C …

Correction to: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Efficacy and Safety of Fecal Microbiota Transplant for Preventing Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection

This study highlights iC. difficile/i's adaptability and genetic diversity. The decline in toxin genes reflects fewer toxigenic isolates, but the bacterium's increasing preserved resistance factors and virulence genes enable its rapid evolution. ST2, ST42, and ST8 dominate globally, emphasizing …

Fever and diarrhea are the common symptoms of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI); however, pseudomembranous enteritis, megacolonization, and paralytic ileus have been observed in severe cases. C. difficile spores are resistant to several types of disinfectants. Thus, they are oft …

spaniClostridioides difficile/i is a leading cause of nosocomial antibiotic-associated diarrhea in developed countries with many known virulence factors. In several pathogens, motility and virulence are intimately linked by regulatory networks that allow coordination of these processes in pathogenes/span …

Spore germination in iClostridioides difficile/i is initiated by a cascade of activities of several proteins that culminates in the activation of SleC, a cell-wall-processing enzyme. We report herein the details of the enzymatic activities of SleC by the use of synthetic peptidoglycan fragments …

Cyclospora cayetanensis, a parasite causing human enteritis, has been rarely reported from healthcare laboratories despite its universal presence. While it is usually responsible for self-limiting diarrhea in immunocompetent individuals, we present a case where the patient suffered from severe, unre …

Surfaces contaminated with pathogens pose a significant risk of disease transmission and infection. Alcohol-based disinfectants are widely utilized to decontaminate high-touch areas across various settings. However, their limited antimicrobial activity and the emergence of alcohol-tolerant strains n …

The investigated gene locus codes for an oxidative stress operon whose members have the potential to neutralize Osub2/subsup●-/sup and Hsub2/subOsub2/sub to water and thus complements the arsenal of ROS detoxifying mechanisms that are already known in C. difficile. However, full acti …

Inclusion of hypotension, defined as SBP ≤90 mm Hg or MAP ≤65 mm Hg, was an important component of FCDI severity criteria, significantly improving the predictive ability to identify FCDI patients at risk for poor outcomes.

Food allergy is a complex disease, with multiple environmental factors involved. Considering the regulatory effect of Clostridium difficile toxin A (Tcd A) on biological processes of allergic reactions, the role of oral exposure to Tcd A on food allergy was investigated. The intestinal permea …

CDI is associated with substantial healthcare costs in Korea. The economic burden of CDI has gradually increased in South Korea.

spanbRationale:/b Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is advantageous for treating intractable diseases via the microbiota-gut-organ axis. However, invasive administration of gut microbiota via nasal feeding tubes limits the widespread application of FMT. Here, we attempted to develop a novel str/span …

Splenic abscesses are rare but serious infections often linked to immunosuppressive conditions. While iClostridioides difficile/i is well-known for causing colitis, its occurrence in locations outside the gastrointestinal tract, like the spleen, is exceedingly rare. This report highlights a uniq …

Inclusion of hypotension, defined as SBP ≤90 mm Hg or MAP ≤65 mm Hg, was an important component of FCDI severity criteria, significantly improving the predictive ability to identify FCDI patients at risk for poor outcomes.

The US Department of Health and Human Services’ Healthy People 2030 initiative calls for reductions in health care–associated infections (HAI) and a strong focus on addressing social determinants of health and eliminating health disparities. Advancing equity in health care to prevent HAI requires a...

Surfaces contaminated with pathogens pose a significant risk of disease transmission and infection. Alcohol-based disinfectants are widely utilized to decontaminate high-touch areas across various settings. However, their limited antimicrobial activity and the emergence of alcohol-tolerant strains n …

The investigated gene locus codes for an oxidative stress operon whose members have the potential to neutralize O2●- and H2O2 to water and thus complements the arsenal of ROS detoxifying mechanisms that are already known in C. difficile. However, full acti …