C Difficile

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract due to altered interaction between the immune system and the gut microbiota. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of a probiotic cocktail in modulating immune dysregulation induced in mice. …

Accumulating data support a crucial role of gut microbiota in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, gut microbiota vary with age and, thus, will affect PD in an age-dependent, but unknown manner. We examined the effects of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) pretreatment, using fecal microbiota from …

This article focuses on the factors that predict long-term complications of C. difficile infection and what can be done in clinical practice to minimize them.

Understanding of the gut microbiome’s role in human physiology developed rapidly in recent years. Moreover, any alteration of this microenvironment could lead to a pathophysiological reaction of numerous organs. It results from the bidirectional communication of the gastrointestinal tract with the central nervous system, called the gut–brain axis. The signals in the gut–brain axis are mediated by immunological, hormonal, and neural pathways. However, it is also influenced by microorganisms in the gut. The disturbances in the gut–brain axis are associated with gastrointestinal syndromes, but recently their role in the development of different types of pain was reported. The gut microbiome could be the factor in the central sensitization of chronic pain by regulating microglia, astrocytes, and immune cells. Dysbiosis could lead to incorrect immune responses, resulting in the development of inflammatory pain such as endometriosis. Furthermore, chronic visceral pain, associated with functional gastrointestinal disorders, could result from a disruption in the gut microenvironment. Any alteration in the gut–brain axis could also trigger migraine attacks by affecting cytokine expression. Understanding the gut microbiome’s role in pain pathophysiology leads to the development of analgetic therapies targeting microorganisms. Probiotics, FODMAP diet, and fecal microbiota transplantation are reported to be beneficial in treating visceral pain.

Nature Medicine - In patients with advanced melanoma, fecal microbiota transplantation from healthy donors combined with the anti-PD-1 inhibitors nivolumab or pembrolizumab was well tolerated with...

Doctors and scientists are beginning to recommend these fermented foods for gut health. There is growing sentiment that the right foods are better for your gut than probiotics.

Nature Reviews Microbiology - In this Review, de Nies, Kobras and Stracy examine the detrimental effects of antibiotics on the microbiota and the resulting associated infections. They delve into...

Vaccination is one approach for preventing Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). A previous study of a three-dose C. difficile vaccine using

Advancement in the knowledge of the association between gut microbiota and various disease processes has paved the way for novel therapeutics.

These medications can help treat complications and prevent infection after surgery.

Reconciling that C difficile infection is classified as hospital-onset based only on laboratory identification, while diagnoses is made from multiple factors.

Background and Aims: Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) remains one of the most debilitating complications of liver cirrhosis. Changes in gut microbiome composition have been linked to liver diseases and its complications including HE. Recent randomized controlled trials showed fecal microbiota transplantation to be safe and effective in HE treatment, however transferring unidentified live bacteria could cause various complications, including infections, especially in immunocompromised patients. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of sterile fecal filtrate transfer (SFFT) for the modulation of the intestinal microbiome of patients with cirrhosis and HE. Methods: A custom-made air pressure filtration device was used for the sterile fecal filtrate preparation. Seven patients received SFFT from the same healthy donor. Patients were monitored at least 30 days after the procedure. Cognition tests, blood and stool sampling were performed to assess the safety and efficacy of SFFT on HE, liver function, and stool microbiome composition on follow-up days 7 and 30. Results: SFFT was well tolerated and resulted in fluctuations in the microbial composition of study participants: α-diversity increased in 4/7 of the patients, without robust engraftment of donors’ microbial composition as assessed by β-diversity analysis. No significant effect on cognition tests or liver function was noted after the procedure. One death occurred three months after the procedure, however, it was not related to the SFFT. Conclusions: Despite the effect on the gut microbiome, we did not observe robust improvement in patients’ liver function or HE cognition tests after the procedure.

A new study suggests patients who use acid reflux medications for several years may have a higher risk of developing dementia compared to people who do not take these drugs.

Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) as of recent has become a great concern to the impact on human health due to its high hazardous risk and rate of recurrence. Live bacterial therapeutics is a promising method to treat or prevent CDI. Here, a synthetic microbial consortia (SMC) B10 was constru …

Multistep Testing Algorithms for Clostridioides difficile Infection

Gut microbiome dysbiosis is common in patients with chronic liver diseases such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and plays an essential role in developing, diagnosing, and treating HCC. The pur...

Patients hospitalized for Clostridioides difficile infection who also were vitamin D-deficient were at higher risk of recurrence—but lower risk of mortality.

Ribotyping was performed on Clostridioides difficile isolates from patients with malignancies. Thirty-one (27.9%) isolates from 111 episodes of colitis were recovered representing 14 ribotypes with 25 (80.6%) belonging to 6 ribotypes (014/020, 1/VPI/077/087, 05/015, 015/046, 05/053, 106/174). …

We calculated the attributable cost of several healthcare-associated infections in a community hospital network: central-line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs), catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs), hospital-onset Clostridioides difficile infections (CDI-HOs) (43 ho …

Background and objective Cardiac surgery is one of the most common surgical procedures globally; its incidence has been on the rise due to the faster pace of population aging thanks to techno...

Scientific Reports - Diversity of binary toxin positive Clostridioides difficile in Korea

Recently published data of bezlotoxumab dosing and safety in children with C diff was basis for expanding approval from just adults to as young as 1 years old.

Mortality rates of cases treated with metronidazole were significantly lower than untreated cases.

The gut microbiota has important functions in the regulation of normal body functions. Alterations of the microbiota are being increasingly linked to various disease states. The microbiome has been manipulated via the administration of stool from animals or humans, for more than 1000 years. C …

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is an orphan, cholestatic liver disease that is characterized by inflammatory biliary strictures with variable progression to end-stage liver disease. Its pathophysiology is poorly understood. Chronic biliary inflammation is likely driven by immune dysregulation, …

Off-the-shelf FMT requires recipient-independent optimized FMT selection. Such a transplant can be from an optimal donor or from a cultured set of microbes. We have here shown the feasibility of both types of manipulations in mouse and human recipients. Video Abstract.

In this conversation, host Ruchika Talwar is joined by George Koch to discuss the importance of antibiotic stewardship in urology, exploring the reduction of unnecessary antibiotic loads in treating infections like Fournier's gangrene and recurrent UTIs. Dr. Koch emphasizes the careful selection and timing of antibiotics in perioperative prophylaxis and other conditions. Dr. Talwar points out...

Companies covered in this report are Seres Therapeutics, Inc., Microbiotica, Enterome, Destiny Pharma plc, Taisho Pharmaceutical Holdings, AOBiome...