Glyconutrients

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine seeks to apply scientific rigor to the study of complementary and alternative medicine, emphasizing on health outcome, while documenting biological mechanisms of action.

Abnormal denaturation and aggregation of human amylin or islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) into amyloid fibrils has been implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetic mellitus. Trehalose, a super-hydrophilic molecule, has been shown to prevent denaturation of biomolecules when they are under environmental stress

We explored whether the combination of anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory guava (Psidium guajava) and trehalose treatment protects the kidney and pancreas against Type II diabetes (T2DM)-induced injury in rats. We measured the active component of guava juice by HPLC analysis. T2DM was induced in Wis …

Introduction Aloe Vera is a plant that belongs to the Aasphodelacea (Liliaceae) family has been used as an herbal medicine for centuries. It is native to Africa and many Mediterranean countries and is used for several healing purposes, like treating various skin disorders such as abcesses, burns and eczema. Its juice

A wound dressing is very crucial component in wound healing process. Bioactive dressings play important role in wound sterilization and promote tissue healing and growth. The present work investigated the preparation of AgNPs in solid-state using acacia gum as both reductant and stabilizing agent. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was employed as activating agent and pH mediator. Acacia is a naturally occurring mixture of polysaccharides and glycoproteins. The obtained particles were in the range of 50 nm. The work was extended to evaluate the antimicrobial of AgNPs treated gauze cotton fabrics against gram positive (S. aureus), gram negative (P. aeruginosa) bacteria, C. albicans (yeast); and A. Niger (fungus). The inhibition zone of the as prepared silver nanoparticles was found to be 24 mm against both types of bacteria, 23 mm against C. albicans (yeast), and inactive against A. Niger (fungus). On the other hand, the treated gauze showed bactericidal behavior and a clear zone was found underneath the samples on the agar plate. The reduction percent in number of bacterial colonies of treated gauze fabrics in comparison to control Pseudomonas aeruginosa culture showed a reduction up to 100%. The aforementioned results promote the acquirement of bioactive antibacterial wound dressing.

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What is Aloe Vera? Aloe Vera is a cactus-like plant which grows in the tropics. The stems are short, growing to a maximum height of 3 1/2 feet. The leaves are thick, green and fleshy, containing a gel-like substance, which is used for several medicinal purposes. It actually stores water in the leaves. The leaves are Read More

Stress granules (SGs) are an important component of cellular stress response. Compromised assembly of SGs as well as their premature or delayed disassembly affect physiology and survival of cells under stress or during recovery from stress. Consequently, abnormal turnover of SGs has been implicated in the development of various pathologies, including neurodegeneration. We found that pretreatment of cells with a natural disaccharide trehalose, a known autophagy enhancer, delays SG assembly and facilitates their premature post-stress disassembly. Mechanistically, the effect of trehalose on SGs is mediated via the p-eIF2α rather than autophagosome pathway. Trehalose increases pre-stress levels of p-eIF2α and its phosphatase subunits and promotes post-stress translational recovery. Upon prolonged treatment, trehalose impairs basal translation affecting production of transiently expressed proteins. Early translational recovery and SG disassembly induced by trehalose pretreatment can sensitise cells to stress and impair survival. Our study has important implications for the use of trehalose in studies of autophagic clearance of misfolded proteins and for targeting SGs as a possible therapeutic approach in neurodegenerative and other diseases.

An effective cancer therapeutic strategy relies on the ability to eliminate tumors without damaging surrounding healthy tissues. Due to inconsistent results regarding fucoidan bioactivity, there is t...

ABSTRACT Objective: Micropropagation and elicitation studies of Aloe vera Methods: Standardisation of the regeneration protocol was done by using Murashige and Skoog (MS) media in combination with various plant growth regulators and elicitation studies were carried out by means of abiotic elicitors (salicylic acid, fructose and sodium chloride). Results: Direct regeneration through shoot tip gave the best response (0.2 mg/l Indole Butyric Acid (IBA) + 0.2mg/l 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP)). Salicylic acid proved to be an effective abiotic elicitor, for suspension cultures of in vitro grown callus and also in vivo. It increased the content of polysaccharides, up to 7 times and phenolic compounds to almost 10 folds compared to untreated control kept under similar conditions. Conclusion: This study will make a path for the genetic transformation and metabolite enhancement along with their regulation, which can prove to be an asset towards pharmaceutical industry. Keywords: Aloe vera, Succulent plant, Micropropagation, Elicitation, Callus, Explant.

An effective cancer therapeutic strategy relies on the ability to eliminate tumors without damaging surrounding healthy tissues. Due to inconsistent results regarding fucoidan bioactivity, there is t...

Fibrillar accumulation of A53T mutant α-synuclein (A53T-AS) in Lewy bodies is a symptom of Parkinsonism. Inhibitions of the overexpression and fibrillar aggregation of α-synuclein (AS) in vivo could be a promising strategy for treating Parkinson’s disease (PD). In this study, at concentrations lower than 1 mM, trehalose decreased the A53T-AS expression level in transduced PC12 cells. Although H2O2 and aluminum ions increased the expression level and neurotoxicity of A53T-AS in cells, proper trehalose concentrations inhibited the event. These studies adequately prove that trehalose at an appropriate dose would be potentially useful for PD treatment.

Fucoidan is a sulfated polysaccharide based predominantly on l-fucose, and has several biologic functions. Reactive oxygen species-mediated apoptosis …

(2020). Aloe vera and Honey Solution and Their Ethanolic Extraction Solution Could Act on Metastasis-Regulating Processes in Walker 256 Tumor Tissues In Vivo?. Nutrition and Cancer. Ahead of Print.

PURPOSE: To compare the therapeutic effect of sodium hyaluronate (SH)–trehalose (Trehalube, Microlabs, Bangalore, India, SH 0.1% and trehalose 3%) or SH (0.1% Hylotears, Raymed, Chandigarh, India) alone in patients with dry eye disease (DED).MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients were randomized into two groups: SH-trehalose (SH 0.1% and trehalose 3%) or SH (0.1% Hylotears) alone. The Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire was used to assess patient's symptoms. Patients were followed up at 4 and 8 weeks, and OSDI score, tear film break-up time (TBUT), tear film height (TFH), Schirmer's test, and conjunctival staining were evaluated at each visit.RESULTS: A total of 384 patients were included in the study, 192 patients in each arm. The mean age of participants was 37.62 + 14.4 years and 225 were women (56%). The improvement in Schirmer's test was significantly better in the SH-trehalose group at 8 weeks (5.26 + 4.3 mm, 95% confidence interval = 4.6–5.9 mm) compared to the SH group (3.71 + 3.9, 95% confidence interval = 3.15–4.28 mm). The TBUT and TFH showed slight improvement at 4 weeks in both groups, but not at 8 weeks. There were no group differences at all-time points in terms of conjunctival staining and OSDI-based grades of DED.CONCLUSION: It was found that treating dry eye with SH-trehalose leads to greater improvement in the Schirmer's values and TBUT after 8 weeks of sustained use in patients with DED, and this was more pronounced in those with severe DED.

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Endometriosis is common in reproductive-age women and its pathology is to increase proliferation and migration to enhance epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition progression (EMT). However, treatments are currently limited, so it is important to explore new therapeutic drugs. Hence, in this study, we investigate the therapeutic effect of fucoidan (FC) on the progression and mechanisms of endometriosis. The cell viability of endometrial cell lines End1/E6E7 and Vk2/E6E7 treated with different concentrations of FC were assessed by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and cell counting. Cell migration was evaluated using wound-healing assay. In an in vivo experiment, female Balb/c mice received surgically induced endometriosis followed by different concentrations of fucoidan for 6 weeks. High-frequency ultrasound imaging was applied to detect subsequent lesion growth. The results demonstrated that fucoidan inhibited the viability and migration ability of End1/E6E7 and Vk2/E6E7 cells. Additionally, the administration of fucoidan reduced the volume and weight of endometriotic lesions, decreased inflammatory cytokines and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) of serum and lesions, and improved EMT proliferation and apoptosis-related protein expression. For the first time, fucoidan indicated anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory effects as well as inhibited EMT progression and induced apoptosis, improving endometriosis.

Although vertebrates cannot synthesize the natural disaccharide trehalose, exogenous administration of trehalose to mammalian cells may be beneficial for protein misfolding disorders. In this issue, DeBosch et al . show that trehalose may also be useful in treating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and identify inhibition of cellular glucose import through SLC2A (also known as GLUT) transporters as a mechanism by which trehalose stimulates autophagy through the adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase (AMPK).

In recent decades, attention to cancer-preventive treatments and studies on the development of anticancer drugs have sharply increased owing to the in…

Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia is an international, open access, peer reviewed research journal covering all aspects of Biosciences and Biotechnology field.

Four antithrombotic fucoidan fractions F1, F2, LF1, and LF2 with different monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and degree of sulfation and s…

Summary. Background: Fucoidan, an antithrombotic polysaccharide, can induce endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFC) to adopt an angiogenic phenotype in vitro. Objectives: We evaluated the effect of...

Methotrexate (MTX) is commonly used as a standard chemotherapy for many cancers, however its usage required high doses thereby leading to severe adverse effects. In a trial to find a suitable neoadjuvant therapy to decrease MTX dosage without lowering its chemotherapeutic efficacy, we investigated t …

Parkinson's disease is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder that is pathologically characterized by intracellular inclusions comprised primarily of alpha-synuclein (αSyn) that can also be transmitted from neuron to neuron. Several lines of evidence suggest that these inclusions cause neurodegen …

We explored whether the combination of anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory guava (Psidium guajava) and trehalose treatment protects the kidney and pancreas against Type II diabetes (T2DM)-induced injury in rats. We measured the active component of guava juice by HPLC analysis. T2DM was induced in Wis …

Aloe vera has been traditionally used to treat skin injuries (burns, cuts, insect bites, and eczemas) and digestive problems because its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and wound healing properties. Research on this medicinal plant has been aimed at validating traditional uses and deepening the mechanism of action, identifying the compounds responsible for these activities. The most investigated active compounds are aloe-emodin, aloin, aloesin, emodin, and acemannan. Likewise, new actions have been investigated for Aloe vera and its active compounds. This review provides an overview of current pharmacological studies (in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials), written in English during the last six years (2014–2019). In particular, new pharmacological data research has shown that most studies refer to anti-cancer action, skin and digestive protective activity, and antimicrobial properties. Most recent works are in vitro and in vivo. Clinical trials have been conducted just with Aloe vera, but not with isolated compounds; therefore, it would be interesting to study the clinical effect of relevant metabolites in different human conditions and pathologies. The promising results of these studies in basic research encourage a greater number of clinical trials to test the clinical application of Aloe vera and its main compounds, particularly on bone protection, cancer, and diabetes.

Fucoidans are a class of sulfated fucose-rich polysaccharides found in brown marine algae and echinoderms. Fucoidans have an attractive array of bioactivities and potential applications including immune modulation, cancer inhibition, and pathogen inhibition. ...

Since our last review in 2015, the study and use of fucoidan has extended in several research areas. Clinical use of fucoidan for the treatment of renal disease has become available and human safety studies have been undertaken on radiolabeled fucoidan for the purpose of imaging thrombi. Fucoidan has been incorporated into an increasing number of commercially available supplements and topical treatments. In addition, new measuring techniques are now available to assess the biologically relevant uptake of fucoidans and to assist in production. Microbiome modulation and anti-pathogenic effects are increasingly promising applications for fucoidans, due to the need for alternative approaches to antibiotic use in the food chain. This review outlines promising new developments in fucoidan research, including potential future therapeutic use.