Glyconutrients

Explore millions of resources from scholarly journals, books, newspapers, videos and more, on the ProQuest Platform.

A proprietary preparation of the Japanese seaweed Tasmanian Undaria pinnatifida has inhibitory effects in various Herpes infections.

The age-dependent loss of solubility and aggregation of crystallins constitute the pathological hallmarks of cataract. Several biochemical and biophysical factors are responsible for the reduction of crystallins’ solubility and formation of irreversible protein aggregates, which display amyloid-like characteristics. The present study reports the heat-induced aggregation of soluble proteins isolated from human cataract lenses and the formation of amyloid-like structures. Exposure of protein at 55 °C for 4 h resulted in extensive (≈ 60%) protein aggregation. The heat-induced protein aggregates displayed substantial (≈ 20 nm) redshift in the wavelength of maximum absorption (λmax) of Congo red (CR) and increase in Thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence emission intensity, indicating the presence of amyloid-like structures in the heat-induced protein aggregates. Subsequently, the addition of trehalose resulted in substantial inhibition of heat-induced aggregation and the formation of amyloid-like structure. The ability of trehalose to inhibit the heat-induced aggregation was found to be linearly dependent upon its concentration used. The optimum effect was observed in the presence of 30–40% (w/v) trehalose where the aggregated was found to be reduced from 60 to 30%. The present study demonstrated the ability to trehalose to inhibit the protein aggregation and interfere with the formation of amyloid-like structures.

Chitosan, sodium alginate and gel of Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) were employed for the preparation of polyelectrolyte complexes at pH 4 and 6.…

Autophagy is required for neurulation, and autophagy activators with minimal toxicity, such as the natural compound trehalose, a nonreducing disaccharide, possess high therapeutic value. To determine whether trehalose directly induces autophagy, FITC-labeled trehalose was used for tracing its presen …

The accumulation of lipids in hepatocytes that occurs in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) can result in liver failure or liver cancer. Trehalose is a ubiquitous sugar that is present in the food consumed by animals. DeBosch et al . determined that trehalose blocked glucose uptake into cells by inhibiting glucose transporters in the plasma membrane, which induced a “starvation”-like response that activated autophagy even in the presence of adequate nutrients and glucose. Furthermore, providing trehalose to mice that are a model of NAFLD prevented lipid accumulation in the liver. As noted by Mardones et al . in the associated Focus, trehalose, which has been previously under investigation to treat neurodegenerative diseases characterized by toxic protein aggregates, may be a “silver bullet” for treating diseases resulting from inadequate cellular degradative metabolism. Trehalose is a naturally occurring disaccharide that has gained attention for its ability to induce cellular autophagy and mitigate diseases related to pathological protein aggregation. Despite decades of ubiquitous use as a nutraceutical, preservative, and humectant, its mechanism of action remains elusive. We showed that trehalose inhibited members of the SLC2A (also known as GLUT) family of glucose transporters. Trehalose-mediated inhibition of glucose transport induced AMPK (adenosine 5′-monophosphate–activated protein kinase)–dependent autophagy and regression of hepatic steatosis in vivo and a reduction in the accumulation of lipid droplets in primary murine hepatocyte cultures. Our data indicated that trehalose triggers beneficial cellular autophagy by inhibiting glucose transport.

Autophagy is a catabolic process to maintain intracellular homeostasis via removal of cytoplasmic macromolecules and damaged cellular organelles through lysosome-mediated degradation. Trehalose is often regarded as an autophagy inducer, but we reported previously that it could prevent ischemic insul …

An allergic reaction occurs when the immune system overreacts to harmless substance called allergen that gains access to the body. Food allergy is a hypersensitive immune reaction to food proteins and the number of patients with food allergy has recently increased. Aloe Vera is used for wellness and …

Supplementation with the dietary plant-derived polysaccharides in AA resulted in significant changes in serum protein N-glycosylation in healthy individuals. How this occurs and whether it has biological significance remains to be evaluated.

Non-invasive GlycoCheck testing technology quantifies vessel density, red blood cell concentration, blood flow and glycocalyx function.

Hans Vink, PhD, PhD is one of the pioneers of glycocalyx research. He has been studying glycocalyx science and function since the 1980s.

Our Microvascular supplement improves Glycocalyx Health effectively. Endocalyx™ has been clinically shown to maintain blood flow circulation. Shop online now!

Learn about how GlycoNet is funding glycomics research to help bridge the gap between fundamental advances and therapeutic applications in cancer, inflammation and cardiovascular disease The Canadian Glycomics Network (GlycoNet) aims to use the study of carbohydrates to improve human health. Find more information at www.glyconet.ca.

Glycomics is the study of carbohydrates or sugars in biological systems. Learn how glycomics research at GlycoNet is helping to better understand rare genetic diseases which impacts more than 600 million people worldwide. Glycomics presents an opportunity to develop novel treatments for rare genetic diseases that arise from deficiencies in sugar metabolism, such as Gaucher’s disease and Fabry’s disease. Understanding the biochemical and molecular basis of single gene disorders has led to therapeutic strategies for rare diseases and a realization that the development of many common disorders involves altered glycosylation pathways. Developing therapies for rare diseases thus potentially impacts common disorders. The Canadian Glycomics Network (GlycoNet) aims to use the study of carbohydrates to improve human health. Find more information at www.glyconet.ca.

These findings demonstrate the health-benefit roles, including anti-oxidative and anti-proliferative activities as well as pro-apoptotic effects, of bioactive compounds in OFEs, suggesting a chemopreventive role in human cancer cells.

Altered glycosylation is a universal feature of cancer cells, and certain glycan structures are well-known markers for tumor progression. This chapter discusses some glycan biosynthetic pathways that are frequently altered in cancer cells, the correlation between altered glycosylation and clinical prognosis, the genetic basis of some of these changes, and in vitro and in vivo studies that indicate the pathological importance of these pathways.