Trehalose

(2017). Trehalose pathway as an antifungal target. Virulence: Vol. 8, New Antifungal Compounds, pp. 143-149.

Subgingival air-polishing with trehalose powder showed comparable clinical outcomes to sonic scaling. Sonic scaling evoked more discomfort compared with air-polishing.

Exosomes are important mediators in intercellular communication. Released by many cell types, they transport proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids to distant recipient cells and contribute to important physiopathological processes. Standard current exosome isolation methods based on differential centrifugation protocols tend to induce aggregation of particles in highly concentrated suspensions and freezing of exosomes can induce damage and inconsistent biological activity. Trehalose is a natural, non-toxic sugar widely used as a protein stabilizer and cryoprotectant by the food and drug industry. Here we report that addition of 25 mM trehalose to pancreatic beta-cell exosome-like vesicle isolation and storage buffer narrows the particle size distribution and increases the number of individual particles per microgram of protein. Repeated freeze-thaw cycles induce an increase in particle concentration and in the width of the size distribution for exosome-like vesicles stored in PBS, but not in PBS 25 mM trehalose. No signs of lysis or incomplete vesicles were observed by cryo-electron tomography in PBS and trehalose samples. In macrophage immune assays, beta-cell extracellular vesicles in trehalose show consistently higher TNF-alpha cytokine secretion stimulation indexes suggesting improved preservation of biological activity. The addition of trehalose might be an attractive means to standardize experiments in the field of exosome research and downstream applications.

Preexisting maternal diabetes increases the risk of neural tube defects (NTDs). The mechanism underlying maternal diabetes-induced NTDs is not totally defined, and its prevention remains a challenge. Autophagy, an intracellular process to degrade dysfunction ...

Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) affects approximately 1 in 500 children. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is the most common form of peripheral neuropathy in diabetes and is a significant risk factor for serious pathological change. It is difficult and costly to treat DPN and although there have been sev …

Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) affects approximately 1 in 500 children. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is the most common form of peripheral neuropathy …

Random-pattern skin flaps are commonly used and valuable tools in reconstructive surgery, however, post-operative random skin flap necrosis remains a major and common complication. Previous studies have suggested that activating autophagy, a major pathway for degradation of intracellular waste, may improve flap survival. In this study, we investigated whether trehalose, a novel and potent autophagy activator, improves random skin flap viability. Our results demonstrated that trehalose significantly improves viability, augments blood flow, and decreases tissue edema. Furthermore, we found that trehalose leads to increased angiogenesis, decreased apoptosis, and reduced oxidative stress. Using immunohistochestry and western blot, we demonstrated that trehalose augments autophagy, and that inhibition of autophagy augmentation using 3MA significantly blunted the aforementioned benefits of trehalose therapy. Mechanistically, we showed that trehalose’s autophagy augmentation is mediated by activation and nuclear translocation of TFEB, which may be due to inhibition of Akt and activation of the AMPK-SKP2-CARM1 signaling pathway. Altogether, our results established that trehalose is a potent agent capable for significantly increasing random-pattern skin flap survival by augmenting autophagy and subsequently promoting angiogenesis, reducing oxidative stress, and inhibiting cell death.

Dysfunction of autophagy, which regulates cellular homeostasis by degrading organelles and proteins, is associated with pathogenesis of various diseases such as cancer, neurodegeneration and metabolic disease. Trehalose, a naturally occurring nontoxic disaccharide found in plants, insects, microorga …

Dysfunction of autophagy, which regulates cellular homeostasis by degrading organelles and proteins, is associated with pathogenesis of various diseas…

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The objective of the present study is to identify the possible regulatory role of trehalose (Tre) against cadmium chloride (CdCl2 )-induced endothelial cell dysfunction. To screen the dose-dependent effect of both Tre and CdCl2 , a methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (M …

(2018). Trehalose reduces retinal degeneration, neuroinflammation and storage burden caused by a lysosomal hydrolase deficiency. Autophagy: Vol. 14, No. 8, pp. 1419-1434.

ANOVA: analysis of variance; Atg7: autophagy related 7; AV: autophagic vacuoles; CD68: cd68 antigen; ERG: electroretinogram; ERT: enzyme replacement therapy; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GFAP: glial fibrillary acidic protein; GNAT2: guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha trans …

The pathological hallmark of Huntington disease (HD) is the intracellular aggregation of mutant huntingtin (mHTT) in striatal neurons and glia associa…

Autophagy is required for neurulation, and autophagy activators with minimal toxicity, such as the natural compound trehalose, a nonreducing disacchar…

Autophagy is required for neurulation, and autophagy activators with minimal toxicity, such as the natural compound trehalose, a nonreducing disaccharide, possess high therapeutic value. To determine whether trehalose directly induces autophagy, FITC-labeled trehalose was used for tracing its presen …

The preservation of nucleic acids from clinical samples is critical to facilitate accurate molecular diagnosis. The use of a paper matrix, Flinders Technology Associates (FTA) Elute cards, to archive DNA and viral RNA is well-documented. However, the feasibility of FTA Elute cards for archiving seru …

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is linked to high fructose consumption. But trehalose, a different kind of sugar, may block the entry of sugar into liver cells, reducing the risk.

Cadmium (Cd), as a kind of ubiquitous and highly toxic heavy metal pollutants, has been known to result in immunotoxicity in animals. As a multifuncti…

As an important factor leading to aging and chronic diseases, oxidative stress has become a hot research topic. Trehalose is a natural sugar widely fo…

The UVB-irradiated cornea is damaged by oxidative stress. Toxic oxygen products induced by UVB radiation in the cornea are insufficiently removed by antioxidants, whose numbers decrease with increasing UVB irradiation. In addition, the UVB-irradiated cornea suffers from hypoxic conditions because da …

Progranulin (PGRN) is a secreted growth factor important for neuronal survival and may do so, in part, by regulating lysosome homeostasis. Mutations in the PGRN gene (GRN) are a common cause of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and lead to disease ...

This work reports several novel autophagy-lysosome modulators that enhance PGRN expression and identifies trehalose as a promising therapeutic for raising PGRN levels to treat multiple neurodegenerative diseases.

By Vince Giuliano and James P Watson. Trehalose is a natural disaccharide sugar contained in mushrooms and many other organisms.  It has remarkable health-producing and life-extending properties that work in mice and lower organisms.  That is why we choose to … Continue reading →

HCMV infects multiple cell types in vivo, establishes lifelong persistence in the host, and can cause serious health problems for fetuses and immunocompromised individuals. HCMV, like all other persistent pathogens, has to finely tune its interplay with the host cellular machinery to replicate effic …