Hepatic Encephalopathy
Hepatic encephalopathy is characterized by a range of neuropsychiatric abnormalities caused by the accumulation of neurotoxic substances in the bloodstream of patients with liver dysfunction. It is considered a diagnosis of exclusion. The condition differs in patients with chronic liver disease compared to those with acute liver failure or acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF), with distinctions in pathophysiological, clinical, and radiological features.[1] Symptoms may result from liver insufficiency or the diversion of blood flow away from the liver (portosystemic shunting).