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Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) has emerged as a major health problem worldwide. A major risk factor for disease development is prior antibiotic use, which disrupts the normal gut microbiota by altering its composition and the gut’s metabolic functions, leading to the loss of colonization resistance and subsequent CDI. Data from human studies have shown that the presence of C. difficile, either as a colonizer or as a pathogen, is associated with a decreased level of gut microbiota diversity. The investigation of the gut’s microbial communities, in both healthy subjects and patients with CDI, elucidate the role of microbiota and improve the current biotherapeutics for patients with CDI. Fecal microbiota transplantation has a major role in managing CDI, aiming at re-establishing colonization resistance in the host gastrointestinal tract by replenishing the gut microbiota. New techniques, such as post-genomics, proteomics and metabolomics analyses, can possibly determine in the future the way in which C. difficile eradicates colonization resistance, paving the way for the development of new, more successful treatments and prevention. The aim of the present review is to present recent data concerning the human gut microbiota with a focus on its important role in health and disease.

Abstract. Background. Clostridium difficile is a primary cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea that typically develops when gut microbiota is altered. Convent

c ribotypes of C. difficile harbour mutations or have acquired extra genes that mean these strains can utilize lower concentrations of bioavailable trehalose, providing a competitive metabolic advantage in some CDI animal models. By contrast, evidence has emerged to show that trehalose-induced microbiota changes can help protect/reduce CDI in other models. In addition, C. difficile trehalose metabolic variants are widespread among epidemic and nonepidemic ribotypes alike, and the occurrence of these trehalose variants was not associated with increase disease severity or mortality. Summary Currently, there is no proven causal association between the incidence or severity of human CDI and the presence of trehalose metabolism variants. Furthermore, microbial metabolism reduces trehalose bioavailability, potentially removing this competitive advantage for C. difficile trehalose metabolism variants. Taken together, trehalose consumed as part of a normal diet has no increased risk of CDI....

Clostridium difficile infections (CDI) have emerged as a major cause of healthcare associated disease, and recent epidemiological evidence also suggests an important role in community-acquired diarrhea. This increase is associated with specific types, especially PCR ribotypes 027 and 078, which are …

Fidaxomicin has been scrutinized because of its high acquisition cost. Real-world experience is needed to determine whether fidaxomicin has value in patients with Clostridium difficile–associated diarrhea (CDAD) and certain risk factors.In this ...

Cold stress is an important environmental factor restricting the cultivation of melons in winter and spring. Exogenous trehalose (Tre) can improve the…

Abstract. Whole-genome sequencing was used to determine whether the reductions in recurrence of Clostridium difficile infection observed with fidaxomicin in piv

C-diff is a bacterium that causes a life-threatening infection. Though the bacterium can infect healthy individuals, it is of particular concern to those who are hospitalized or are taking

What is fidaxomicin? (Dificid/Dificlr) Why is it effective against C Difficile? Find out more about the drug and the disease here

The increasing frequency and severity of healthcare-associated outbreaks caused by bacterium Clostridium difficile have been linked to the widely used...

Two hypervirulent ribotypes of the enteric pathogen Clostridium difficile, RT027 and RT078, have independently acquired unique mechanisms to metabolize low concentrations of the disaccharide trehalose, suggesting a correlation between the emergence of these ribotypes and the widespread adoption of trehalose in the human diet.

This Medical News article discusses whether trehalose, a sugar manufactured from cornstarch used to sweeten and texturize foods, has contributed to the emergence of epidemic strains of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI).

The consumption of dietary supplements and cold therapies containing high concentrations of zinc is now being called into question, following research that suggests it may worsen Clostridium difficile infection.

Clostridium difficile disease has recently increased to become a dominant nosocomial pathogen in North America and Europe, although little is known about what has driven this emergence. Here we show that two epidemic ribotypes (RT027 and RT078) have acquired unique mechanisms to metabolize low conce …

National Institute for Health Research. Gut model experiments only: Hayashibara Co. Ltd.

Learn more about this infectious disease that is becoming more common and often affects older adults in a health care facility, often after antibiotic use.

Rough notes from the webinar The Scientist: Precision Medicine Learning Lessons from the Microbiome (now available online)

C.Difficile sickens 500,000 every year. It contributes to the death of up to 30,000. Discover what you can do to prevent, treat and understand c diff

Bile acids, which are altered by bacteria normally living in the large intestine, inhibit the growth of Clostridium difficile, new research indicates. The work sheds light on the ways in which some commonly used antibiotics can promote C. diff infections by killing off the bile acid-altering microbes.

Abstract. In a case–control study of patients with Clostridium difficile infection, we found no statistically significant association between the presence of tr

The co-administration of absorption enhancing agents with macromolecular drugs (e.g., protein and peptide drugs) has been identified as a means to improve the oral bioavailability of these drugs. Absorption-enhancing agents of natural origins have received ...

Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) is a perennial succulent medicinal plant. It has been used as a traditional or folk medicine for thousands of year…