Glyconutrients

Background The effect of supplements on mortality risk in patients with cancer remains uncertain and has scarcely been investigated in subgroups of patients with varying characteristics. This study aimed to investigate the association between two popular supplements, fish oil and glucosamine, and mortality risk in a large population-based cohort and determine whether cardiovascular health and clinical prognosis influence these associations. Methods This prospective cohort study analyzed the data of UK Biobank participants who were diagnosed with cancer. The associations of fish oil and glucosamine consumption with mortality were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models. Subgroup analyses were performed to assess the effects of Life Essential 8 [LE8] scores (a measure of cardiovascular health) and cancer prognosis (grouped according to the survival rates of specific cancer types) on the associations between supplement use and mortality. Results This analysis included 14,920 participants (mean age = 59.9 years; 60.2% female). One third (34.1%) of the participants reported using fish oil, and one fifth (20.5%) reported using glucosamine. Over a median follow-up of 12.0 years, 2,708 all-cause deaths were registered. The use of fish oil was associated with reduced risks of all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 0.89, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 0.81–0.97) and cancer mortality (aHR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.81–0.98). Similarly, glucosamine use was associated with reduced risks of all-cause mortality (aHR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.74–0.92) and cancer mortality (aHR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.74–0.93) in the fully adjusted model. Subgroup analyses revealed that the protective effects of fish oil and glucosamine against mortality risk were only observed in patients with LE8 scores lower than the mean score or a poor cancer prognosis. Additionally, the association between glucosamine use and a reduced risk of CVD-related mortality was only observed in patients with lower LE8 scores. Conclusions This large cohort study identified the potential differential impact of LE8 scores and cancer prognosis on the associations of fish oil and glucosamine supplementation with survival in patients with cancer. This suggests the importance of considering these factors in future research on supplements and in the provision of personalized integrative cancer care.

Background: Osteoporosis, a prevalent bone metabolic disease, often requires long-term drug treatments that may lead to serious side effects. Trehalose, a natural disaccharide found in various organisms, has been shown to have a promoting effect on autophagy. However, whether trehalose can improve bone mass recovery in ovariectomized rats and its underlying mechanisms remains unclear. In this study, trehalose was administered to ovariectomized rats to evaluate its therapeutic potential for osteoporosis following ovariectomy. Methods: Micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT), hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and immunohistochemical staining techniques were utilized to evaluate the impact of trehalose on osteoporosis induced by ovariectomy (OVX) in mice, both in imaging and histological dimensions. Furthermore, the influence of trehalose on osteoblastogenesis and functional activity was quantified through Alizarin Red S (ARS) staining and immunoblotting assays. Results: Trehalose effectively mitigated bone loss, elevated autophagy and suppressed pyroptosis in ovariectomized rats. Furthermore, 3-methyladenine diminished the protective effects of trehalose, particularly in promoting autophagy and inhibiting pyroptosis. Conclusions: Trehalose demonstrates significant potential in treating osteoporosis by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome-driven pyroptosis, primarily through autophagy promotion. This suggests that trehalose could be a promising, safer alternative treatment for osteoporosis.

Glucosamine Protects the Liver. There may be good reason to take glucosamine supplements for symptoms other than joint problems

This topic has 39 study abstracts on Fucoidan indicating that it may have therapeutic value in the treatment of Liver Cirrhosis, Atopic Dermatitis, and Liver Cancer

The present study aimed to conduct a comparative investigation of the biological properties of phenolic and polysaccharide extracts obtained using an ultrasound-assisted technique from Aloe vera gel and their effects on each stage of the wound healing process in in vitro experimental models. HPLC analysis showed that the phenolic extract contained aloin, ferulic, and caffeic acid, as well as quercetin dihydrate, as major compounds. Capillary zone electrophoresis indicated the prevalence of mannose and glucose in the polysaccharide extract. Cell culture testing revealed the anti-inflammatory properties of the phenolic extract at a concentration of 0.25 mg/mL through significant inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines—up to 28% TNF-α and 11% IL-8 secretion—in inflamed THP-1-derived macrophages, while a pro-inflammatory effect was observed at 0.5 mg/mL. The phenolic extract induced 18% stimulation of L929 fibroblast proliferation at a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL, enhanced the cell migration rate by 20%, and increased collagen type I synthesis by 18%. Moreover, the phenolic extract exhibited superior antioxidant properties by scavenging free DPPH (IC50 of 2.50 mg/mL) and ABTS (16.47 mM TE/g) radicals, and 46% inhibition of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was achieved. The polysaccharide extract demonstrated a greater increase in collagen synthesis up to 25%, as well as antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with a bacteriostatic effect at 25 mg/mL and a bactericidal one at 50 mg/mL. All these findings indicate that the phenolic extract might be more beneficial in formulations intended for the initial phases of wound healing, such as inflammation and proliferation, while the polysaccharide extract could be more suitable for use during the remodeling stage. Moreover, they might be combined with other biomaterials, acting as efficient dressings with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties for rapid recovery of chronic wounds.

Glucosamine (GlcN) is one of the dietary supplements used in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Endogenously, GlcN is synthesized from glucose through t…

Pages Introduction Dictionary Economic Alternatives Fucose Galactose Glucosamine Glucose Mannose N-Acetylneuraminic Acid Nacetylgalactosamine Sugar Nutrien

Polysaccharides can benefit the liver via modulation of the gut microbiota, but the exact mechanism is still unclear. This study demonstrated that the…

This study endeavored to investigate the effects of salts (NaCl, KCl, and CaCl2) on the rheological and tribological properties of xanthan gum (XG)-fu…

Central nervous system (CNS) disorders have a complicated pathogenesis, and to date, no single mechanism can fully explain them. Most drugs used for C…

Polysaccharides from seaweeds or macroalgae are garnering significant interest from pharmaceutical and food industries due to their bioactivities and …

Trehalose (α-d-glucopyranosyl-(1-1)-α-D-glucopyranoside) has found applications in diverse food products as a sweetener, stabilizer, and humectant. Recent attention has focused on trehalose due to its contradictory effects on the virulence of Clostridium difficile. In this study, we investigate the …

ackground: Lung cancer, the most commonly diagnosed cancer globally, has the highest incidence and mortality rates in Taiwan. It can be divided into two types. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85% of lung cancers, which is further divided into adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell lung cancer accounting for approximately 40%, 25%, and 15% of NSCLC cases, respectively. Small cell lung cancer accounts for approximately 15% of lung cancers. Early systemic therapy NSCLC was based on chemotherapy, and immunotherapy is currently under development. Fucoidan, from brown seaweed extracts, shows promise in mitigating radiation-induced lung fibrosis in animal studies, suggesting its potential as an adjuvant for radiation therapy-related lung fibrosis in lung cancer patients. However, the clinical utility of such adjuvant therapy in lung cancer treatment remains uncertain. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of oral administration of oligo-fucoidan on the survival rate, quality of life, and immunity of patients with lung cancer. Methods: Subjects with Non-small cell lung cancer aged between 20 and 80 were collected from outpatient clinics, divided into control group (n = 7): conventional therapy and fucoidan group (n = 13): received conventional therapy+ oral supplementation of oligo-fucoidan (550 mg × 4 tablets). Data were collected before the study, at weeks 4, 12, and 24 during the study, and to collect 20 ml of peripheral blood, for analysis biochemical data, liver and kidney function, lymphocyte population, inflammation cytokines, and using EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire to assess quality of life. Results: The survival rates of the subjects in the control and fucoidan groups were 20% and 28.6%, respectively. During the study, patients in the fucoidan group experienced a better quality of life than those in the control group, but this difference lacked statistical significance. Oligo-fucoidan increases the CD19 lymphocyte population. The patients in the fucoidan group also had Lower inflammatory cytokine. Conclusion: Oligo-fucoidan holds promise as an adjuvant therapy to enhance the survival rate, quality of life, and immune function in patients with lung cancer.

D-Allulose has blood glucose suppression effects in both animal and clinical studies. The mechanism mediating glucose suppression in animals is contro …

D-Allulose (D-psicose) is a rare sugar and a C-3 epimer of D-fructose. D-Allulose has been reported to have several health benefits via its alteration …

Fucoidan is a polymer of L-fucose and L-fucose-4-sulphate naturally found in marine sources that inhibits p-selectin, preventing neutrophil recruitment to the site of injury. Fucoidan is employed in many studies as a tool to investigate the contribution of neutrophils to pain, showing analgesic effects. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify the analgesic effects of pretreatment with fucoidan reported in the available preclinical studies. In addition, we summarized the articles which have studied the therapeutic effects of fucoidan in pathological pain at preclinical and clinical levels. The results of this systematic review reveal that pretreatment with fucoidan is a powerful tool which reduces neutrophil infiltration by 70–90% at early time points. This meta-analysis showed that preventative treatment with fucoidan produced a significant pain reduction. In addition, several preclinical studies have observed that fucoidan treatment reduces the pain that is associated with various pathologies. Finally, fucoidan has also been tested in several clinical trials, with some degree of analgesic efficacy, but they were mostly small pilot studies. Considering all the above information, it can be concluded that fucoidan is not only a preclinical tool for studying the role of neutrophils in pain but also a promising therapeutic strategy for pain treatment.

Although fucoidan has potential use as an anti-inflammatory agent, the specific mechanisms by which it influences signaling and immunomodulatory pathw…

Improvements in health-related quality of life and serum biomarkers (GAGs, liver aminotransferase levels, antioxidant status), as well as liver and spleen size, were found following 3 months of trehalose administration in patients with MPS IIIA and MPS IIIB.

Trehalose (α-d-glucopyranosyl-(1–1)-α-D-glucopyranoside) has found applications in diverse food products as a sweetener, stabilizer, and humectant. Re…

Endocalyx Pro Studies: Fucoidan is the seventeeth module of the GlycoCheck Training for healthcare professionals. After watching this video, test your knowle...

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The gut-microbiota-targeted prebiotic intervention has been a hot topic in the study of health modulation. To examine the effect of fucoidan supplementation on the health of long-cared elderly subjects (88years ± 3.41) with malnutrition (MNA-SF score ≤ 7), an eight-week randomized, single-blind clinical trial was carried out in a community hospital. The subjects were divided into a test group (TG, n = 45), which received the fucoidan supplementation (1g/d) and a control group (CG, n = 20). Preliminary data on metagenomes, plasma metabolomes, prealbumin, twelve cytokines, and clinical records from six people were analyzed. The results showed that with prebiotic intervention, prealbumin, a sensitive nutrition marker slightly increased. Furthermore, in the test group, there were 42 significantly enriched gut microbial species (t-test, p < 0.05), including multiple beneficial bacteria (Bifidobacterium breve, Roseburia hominis, and Lactobacillus acidipiscis), which positively correlated with Medium-Chain Fatty Acid (MCFA)-associated carnitines (octanoylcarnitine and decanoylcarnitine), and chenodeoxycholic acid. The defecation and neuropsychological activities of the participants in the test group also improved slightly. The preliminary data suggests that fucoidan has the potential to improve metabolism, gut function, and nutrition in elderly people by changing the gut microbiota and enriching beneficial bacteria. A larger sample size analysis is needed for a deeper understanding of the effects and mechanism.

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Discover the benefits of allulose for Type 1 diabetes management and therapeutic carbohydrate reduction (TCR). Join us as we explore this promising sugar substitute!

Severe inflammation in joints caused by the detrimental effects of the immune system is termed Rheumatoid arthritis. The unconstrained proliferation o…

Chitosan (CTS) and chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) have been widely applied in food industry due to their bioactivities and functions. However, CTS an…

The applications of fucoidan in the food industry were limited due to its high molecular weight and low solubility. Moderate degradation was required to depolymerize fucoidan. A few studies have reported that fucoidan has potential antibacterial activity, but its antibacterial mechanism needs further investigation. In this study, the degraded fucoidans were obtained after ultraviolet/hydrogen peroxide treatment (UV/H2O2) at different times. Their physicochemical properties and antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were investigated. The results showed that the average molecular weights of degraded fucoidans were significantly decreased (up to 22.04 times). They were mainly composed of fucose, galactose, and some glucuronic acid. Fucoidan degraded for 90 min (DFuc-90) showed the strongest antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, with inhibition zones of 27.70 + 0.84 mm and 9.25 + 0.61 mm, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were 8 mg/mL and 4 mg/mL, respectively. DFuc-90 could inhibit the bacteria by damaging the cell wall, accumulating intracellular reactive oxygen species, reducing adenosine triphosphate synthesis, and inhibiting bacterial metabolic activity. Therefore, UV/H2O2 treatment could effectively degrade fucoidan and enhance its antibacterial activity.

Trehalose, a remarkable substance, holds great importance in biomedicine for its anti-inflammatory properties and its capacity to hinder scar formatio…

It is widely acknowledged that dietary habits have profound impacts on human health and diseases. As the most important sweeteners and energy sources …