Health

Imipramine, sold under the brand name Tofranil, among others, is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) mainly used in the treatment of depression. It is also effective in treating anxiety and panic disorder. Imipramine is taken by mouth.

Children and adolescents treated with antidepressants (ADs) are at higher risk for developing hypomania and mania compared with adults. It was suggested that AD-induced mania represent a predisposi...

Learn about the symptoms, causes, and treatment options of turtling syndrome. See studies pictures and infographics in this breakthrough article.

Buried penis, also called hidden penis or retractile penis, is a congenital or acquired condition in which the penis is partially or completely hidden below the surface of the skin. A buried penis can lead to urinary difficulties, poor hygiene, infection, and inhibition of normal sexual function.

Encopresis or fecal incontinence is defined as the involuntary passing of stool into inappropriate places such as the underwear in children older than four years of age.[1] It represents severe psychological distress on children and their families.[2] In the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5), encopresis criteria consisted of the repeated passage of stool into inappropriate places, and it can be either voluntarily or involuntarily. These encopretic events should occur for at least three months. The diagnosis cannot be made below the age of four. The encopresis of fecal incontinence also called soiling or fecal overflow incontinence.[3]

If your child has bowel movements in places other than the toilet, you know how frustrating it can be. Many kids who soil beyond the years of toilet teaching have a condition known as encopresis.

An important study led by BBRF grantees has closely examined a commonplace pharmacologic property of many antipsychotic and other medications commonly prescribed to people with chronic schizophrenia and has concluded that this property can "substantially" contribute to the risk of cognitive impairment.

Objective To investigate whether different anticholinergic drug treatments for overactive bladder have differential risks for incident dementia, in a large representative population of older adults in England.Design Nested case-control study.Setting General practices in England providing data to the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) GOLD database, with linked patient admission records from secondary care (Hospital Episode Statistics), 1 January 2006 and 16 February 2022Participants 170 742 patients aged ≥55 years, with a first reported diagnosis of dementia during the study period, matched by age, sex, and general practice with 804 385 individuals without dementia (controls).Interventions Cumulative drug use (defined using total standardised daily dose) of different anticholinergic drugs used for the treatment of an overactive bladder, and a non-anticholinergic drug, mirabegron, in the period 3-16 years before a diagnosis of dementia (or equivalent date in matched controls).Main outcome measures Odds ratios for onset of dementia associated with the different anticholinergic drugs used for the treatment of an overactive bladder, adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, clinical comorbidities, and use of other anticholinergic drug treatments.Results The study population comprised 62.6% women, and median age was 83 (interquartile range 77-87) years. 15 418 (9.0%) patients with dementia and 63 369 (7.9%) controls without dementia had used anticholinergic drugs for the treatment of an overactive bladder in the 3-16 years before diagnosis (or equivalent date for controls). The adjusted odds ratio for dementia associated with the use of any anticholinergic drug used to treat an overactive bladder was 1.18 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16 to 1.20), and was higher in men (1.22, 1.18 to 1.26) than women (1.16, 1.13 to 1.19). The risk of dementia was substantially increased with the use of oxybutynin hydrochloride (adjusted odds ratio 1.31, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.42 and 1.28, 1.15 to 1.43 for use of 366-1095 and 1095 total standardised daily doses, respectively), solifenacin succinate (1.18, 1.09 to 1.27 and 1.29, 1.19 to 1.39), and tolterodine tartrate (1.27, 1.19 to 1.37 and 1.25, 1.17 to 1.34). No significant increases in the risk of dementia associated with darifenacin, fesoterodine fumarate, flavoxate hydrochloride, propiverine hydrochloride, and trospium chloride were found. The association between mirabegron, a non-anticholinergic drug, and dementia was variable across the dose categories and might be caused by previous use of anticholinergic drugs for the treatment of an overactive bladder in these individuals.Conclusions Of the different anticholinergic drugs used to treat an overactive bladder, oxybutynin hydrochloride, solifenacin succinate, and tolterodine tartrate were found to be most strongly associated with the risk of dementia in older adults. This finding emphasises the need for clinicians to take into account the possible long term risks and consequences of the available treatment options for an overactive bladder in older adults, and to consider prescribing alternative treatments that might be associated with a lower risk of dementia.

Anticholinergic drugs are used to treat many conditions, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) and overactive bladder (OAB). Explore our list. Learn how they work, side effects, risks, and more.

Learn about Cogentin (benztropine), a drug sometimes used in people with bipolar disorder to treat drug-induced parkinsonism that can occur with bipolar medications.

Acute agitation is a common presenting symptom in the emergency ward and is also dealt with on a routine basis in psychiatry. Usually a symptom of an underlying mental illness, it is considered urgent and immediate treatment is indicated. The ...

This first prospective study on amisulpride in the treatment of mania suggests that, despite the limitations of the open, observational design and small sample size, amisulpride may be effective and reasonably safe in the treatment of bipolar mania. D(2) and D(3) antagonism may be involved in the me …

In this article, we present and review the evidence for two major biopsychosocial theories of the onset and course of bipolar spectrum disorders (BSDs) that integrate behavioral, environmental, and neurobiological mechanisms: the reward ...

Part 1 of a 2-part demonstration! Dr. Christopher Voscopoulos demonstrates how to place a nasal trumpet (NPA) using a mannequin and anatomical overlays.Pleas...

Gallery 2022. Nasopharyngeal Airway Measurement

The nursing diagnosis bowel incontinence: Change in normal bowel habits characterized by involuntary passage of stool. Read the care plan!

Independent Advice on Continence Products.

PAHSCO Faecal Collection System

The rectal rocket suppository offers better comfort and absorption in treating hemorrhoids.

Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) offers a therapeutic approach to urological patients suffering from idiopathic overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome, with or without incontinence and non-obstructive urinary retention (NOR), who are not responding to or are ...

Patients may fail oral overactive bladder therapies due to either poor drug efficacy or intolerability. We determined if the success of sacral neuromodulation varies if performed secondary to lack of anticholinergic efficacy versus drug ...

We report a case of reemergence of urinary incontinence (UI) in a patient with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) after starting treatment with venlafaxine who was stabilized on tamsulosin and finasteride for about 6 years. A 66-year-old Caucasian ...

Tamsulosin (Flomax) helps people urinate when they have an enlarged prostate. Chlorpromazine (Thorazine) is an antipsychotic medication can cause:Retinal damage (retinal degeneration). Thioridazine (Mellaril) is a similar antipsychotic that can also cause these symptoms Tamsulosin (Flomax) for urinary obstruction from enlarged prostate puts you at risk of developing intraoperative floppy iris syndrome during cataract surgery. Prednisone and other steroids can treat many medical conditions, including eye conditions like uveitis. But some people can develop elevated eye pressure while taking this medication. This causes steroid-induced glaucoma, Benadryl A serious side effect some people develop is acute angle-closure glaucoma, which is a medical emergency. Acute angle-closure glaucoma causes permanent vision loss if it’s not treated right away

PDF | Occasional case reports describe urinary incontinence in patients taking the selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor... | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate

Venlafaxine is a serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor widely used for the treatment of depression, generalized anxiety, and social anxiety …