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D-allulose, a rare sugar, has been proposed to have potential benefits in addressing metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the precise mechanisms underlying these effects remain poorly understood. We aimed to elucidate the mechanisms by which D-allulose influences obesity-induced insulin resistance. We conducted gene set enrichment analysis on the liver and white adipose tissue of mice exposed to a high-fat diet (HFD) along with the white adipose tissue of individuals with obesity. Our study revealed that D-allulose effectively suppressed IFN-γ, restored chemokine signaling, and enhanced macrophage function in the livers of HFD-fed mice. This implies that D-allulose curtails liver inflammation, alleviating insulin resistance and subsequently impacting adipose tissue. Furthermore, D-allulose supplementation improved mitochondrial NADH homeostasis and translation in both the liver and white adipose tissue of HFD-fed mice. Notably, we observed decreased NADH homeostasis and mitochondrial translation in the omental tissue of insulin-resistant obese subjects compared to their insulin-sensitive counterparts. Taken together, these results suggest that supplementation with allulose improves obesity-induced insulin resistance by mitigating the disruptions in macrophage and mitochondrial function. Furthermore, our data reinforce the crucial role that mitochondrial energy expenditure plays in the development of insulin resistance triggered by obesity.

Magic Spoon is high-protein, keto-friendly, gluten-free cereal with 0g of sugar. Available in Cocoa, Frosted, Blueberry, Peanut Butter and Cinnamon.

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We tried all six flavors of the "adult cereal" to see how it compares to its sugary counterparts.

Saccharides are a popular group of stabilizers in liquid, frozen and freeze dried protein formulations. The current work reviewed the stabilization me…

Fucoidans—sulfated and fucosylated polysaccharides extracted from brown seaweed—reportedly accelerate bone growth and prevent osteoarthritis (OA) prog…

The large-scale collections, screening and discovery of biologically active and pharmacologically significant marine-derived natural products have gar…

Many years ago, Aloe Vera was cited to have a lot of therapeutic properties including; anti-microbial, anti-viral, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, skin protection, wound healing, and regulation of blood glucose and cholesterol. However, ...

Aloe vera has a long history of popular and traditional use. It is used in traditional Indian medicine for constipation, colic, skin diseases, worm infestation, and infections (Heber 2007). It is also used in Trinidad and Tobago for hypertension (Lans 2006) and among Mexican Americans for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM; Coronado et al. 2004). In Chinese medicine, it is often recommended in the treatment of fungal diseases (Heber 2007). In Western society, Aloe vera is one of the few herbal medicines in common usage, and it has found widespread use in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and food industries. In the case of health, the therapeutic claims for the topical and oral application of Aloe vera cover a wide range of conditions, but few claims have been the subject of robust clinical investigation. The conditions for which clinical trials of Aloe vera have been conducted include skin conditions, management of burn and wound healing, constipation, DM, and gastrointestinal disorders.

Trehalose (Tre) is a non-reducing disaccharide found in many species, including bacteria, fungi, invertebrates, yeast, and even plants, where it acts …

To assess the association of different sedentary behaviors and glucosamine use with the risk of kidney stones and examine the modification of genetic …

Jellyfish dermatitis is a common medical problem caused by jellyfish stings. However, there are no targeted and effective medications for their treatm…

(NaturalHealth365) Find out how common forms of seaweed may offer a natural way to suppress tumor growth and prevent cancer.

Pages Introduction Dictionary Economic Alternatives Fucose Galactose Glucosamine Glucose Mannose N-Acetylneuraminic Acid Nacetylgalactosamine Sugar

The application of antimicrobial textiles is rising rapidly because of their healthcare, comfort, and hygienic attributes. This work aimed to develop …

Clostridioides difficile , the leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea worldwide, is a genetically diverse species which can metabolise a number of nutrient sources upon colonising a dysbiotic gut environment. Trehalose, a disaccharide sugar consisting of two glucose molecules bonded by an α 1,1-glycosidic bond, has been hypothesised to be involved in the emergence of C. difficile hypervirulence due to its increased utilisation by the RT027 and RT078 strains. Here, growth in trehalose as the sole carbon source was shown to be non-uniform across representative C. difficile strains, even though the genes for its metabolism were induced. Growth in trehalose reduced the expression of genes associated with toxin production and sporulation in the C. difficile R20291 (RT027) and M120 (RT078) strains in vitro, suggesting an inhibitory effect on virulence factors. Interestingly, the R20291 TreR transcriptional regulatory protein appeared to possess an activator function as its DNA-binding ability was increased in the presence of its effector, trehalose-6-phosphate. Using RNA-sequencing analysis, we report the identification of a putative trehalose metabolism pathway which is induced during growth in trehalose: this has not been previously described within the C. difficile species. These data demonstrate the metabolic diversity exhibited by C. difficile which warrants further investigation to elucidate the molecular basis of trehalose metabolism within this important gut pathogen.

Salmonella typhimurium (ST) poses a serious threat to host health, and the adverse effects of antibiotic treatment necessitate the urgent search for i…

Glucosamine hydrochloride (GAH) is a kind of natural hexose, which is used to promote the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides and improve the metabolism of articular cartilage. In this paper, the solubility of GAH in pure water and aqueous system with the presence of three kinds of additives (HCl, NaCl, KCl) at temperatures ranging from 278.15 K to 323.15 K was determined by gravimetric method. When there are additives in water, the solubility of GAH increases with the increase of temperature and decreases with the increase of concentration of the three kinds of additives. When the additives were at similar mole fractions, HCl led to the lowest solubility of GAH. The modified Apelblat model and van’t Hoff model were used to correlate the solubility data. The average relative deviation (ARD) data of Apelblat and van’t Hoff models were less than 5%, indicating good fitting results. Based on the thermodynamic data, the cooling crystallization process of GAH was performed. It was found that the additives could affect the crystal morphology, particle size, and yield of GAH products. This study supplemented the thermodynamic data of GAH and studied the cooling crystallization process in the presence of GAH additives, which provided important guidance for the optimization of the crystallization process.

Background The relationship of glucosamine use with incident dementia in the older population remains uncertain. We aimed to evaluate the longitudinal association between habitual glucosamine supplement and the risk of cause-specific dementia and examine the possible effect modifiers on this association. Methods The study included 214,945 participants over the age of 60 who had available information on glucosamine use and did not have dementia at baseline in the UK Biobank. The APOE genotypes were determined by a combination variant of rs429358 and rs7412. The primary outcome was incident vascular dementia, incident Alzheimer’s disease, and incident frontotemporal dementia, respectively. Results Over a median follow-up duration of 12 years, 1039, 1774, and 122 participants developed vascular dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, and frontotemporal dementia, respectively. Overall, habitual glucosamine use was significantly associated with a lower risk of incident vascular dementia (adjusted HR, 0.82; 95%CI, 0.70–0.96), but not significantly associated with incident Alzheimer’s disease (adjusted HR, 1.02; 95%CI, 0.92–1.14) and incident frontotemporal dementia (adjusted HR, 0.95; 95%CI, 0.63–1.43). Moreover, the inverse association between habitual glucosamine use and incident vascular dementia was more pronounced in participants with concomitant supplement of calcium (P-interaction = 0.011), and those without concomitant supplement of zinc (P-interaction = 0.018). However, APOE ε4 dosage and baseline cognitive function did not significantly modify the relationships of glucosamine use with incident vascular dementia or Alzheimer’s disease (All P-interactions > 0.05). Conclusions Regardless of APOE genotypes and baseline cognitive function, habitual glucosamine use was significantly inversely associated with incident vascular dementia in the older population.

Commercial acacia gum (AG) used in this study is a premium-grade free-flowing powder. It is a gummy exudate composed of arabinogalactan branched polysaccharide, a biopolymer of arabinose and galactose. Also known as food additive, acacia gum (E414), which is presently marketed as a functional dietary fiber to improve overall human gut health. The health effects may be related to the luminal pH regulation from the short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) production. Studies suggested that amylolytic and butyrogenic pathways are the major factors determining the SCFA outcome of AG in the lower gut. However, the primary bacteria involved in the fermentation have not been studied. This study aimed to investigate the putative primary degraders of acacia gum in the gut ecosystem. Isolation and identification of gum-fermenting bacteria were performed through enrichment culture fermentation. The experiment was conducted in an anaerobic chamber for 144 h in three stages. The study was conducted in triplicate using an anaerobic chamber system. This culture system allows specific responses to support only bacteria that are responsible for gum fermentation among the gut microbiota. Five bacterial strains were isolated and found to be gum-fermenting bacteria. Based on the 16s RNA sequence, the isolates matched to butyrate-producing Escherichia fergusonii, ATCC 35469.

Not all sugars are created equal, which matters when it comes to your health. Here's the difference between sucrose, glucose and fructose.

Marine algae are sources of bioactive components with defensive properties of great value against microbial infections. This study investigated the bioactivity of extracts from brown algae Fucus vesiculosus against rotavirus, the worldwide leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children. Moreover, one of the extracts was tested against four foodborne bacteria: Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes, and the non-pathogenic: E. coli K12. In vitro tests using MA104 cells revealed that both whole algae extracts and crude fucoidan precipitates neutralized rotavirus in a dose-responsive manner. The maximum neutralization activity was observed when the rotavirus was incubated with 100 μg mL−1 of the hydrochloric acid-obtained crude fucoidan (91.8%), although crude fucoidan extracted using citric acid also demonstrated high values (89.5%) at the same concentration. Furthermore, molecular weight fractionation of extracts decreased their antirotaviral activity and high molecular weight fractions exhibited higher activity compared to those of lower molecular weight. A seaweed extract with high antirotaviral activity was also found to inhibit the growth of C. jejuni, S. Typhimurium, and L. monocytogenes at a concentration of 0.2 mg mL−1. Overall, this study expands the current knowledge regarding the antimicrobial mechanisms of action of extracts from F. vesiculosus.

Aloe vera still needs to be researched more for its use in treating diabetes, but preliminary results show that it could help lower both fasting glucose and A1C.

High-fat diet alone or in combination with high fructose has been known to induce diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and immune dysfunction. The study evaluates the role of Aloe vera in fat-rich and high fructose diet-induced (FRHFD) hyperglycemias in addition to testicular and splenic morphology in mice. Twenty BALB/c Mice were randomly distributed into four groups (n=5). The groups were fed on a normal diet, FRHFD, FRHFD + 10 g Aloe vera , and FRHFD + 20 g Aloe vera for 10 weeks. All the mice were sacrificed a day after the 10 weeks of treatment. The result showed that mice fed on FRHFD plus Aloe vera had a significantly lower (p